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Show A Eook is written, is better than The book is wrote Wrote however rengthen 5 fhort, to fbortens faft, fo faffens white, 10 Whitey may be ufed in poetry; at leaft if we allow any authority t poets, who, in the exultation of genius, think themfelves perhap entitled to trample on grammarians There are other anomalies in the preterite ring 5eg‘ifz,frwim,/}ri/i'f, Jrick, fing, fings fling 1. Win, fpin wring, [pring, [wing drink, fink, fbrink, [link, come run, find bind, grind, wind, both in the preterite, imperfe&, and participle paflive give awon, fpun @°BY o3 GHROGAMVIFINDE begun, fwvum, firuck, flucky fung black, to blacken ; hard, 1o harden 3 {oft, to fofte o es are for by ad &ifig From fubftanti t a h a the ter t l t i a healthy 5 might, mi r a water, w y n b n h rt a heart, he From f{ubftantives are fo4 rmed adjeétives of' Rlenty, > by addin Joyful ; fruit the termination f#/ denoting abundance ; as joy vuitful 5 youth, youthful ; care,. careful 5 ufe, ufeful delight Sung, flung, rung, wrung, [prung, [aoung, drunk, funk, fbrank, funk, /;elz;gég‘/‘fl[ ; plenty, plentiful ;- help, helpful And moft of them ar o come, ruit, found, bound, ground, wound ki fo wi bu fe fe fa th oi al i s m t m S alfo formed in the preterite by a, as began, rang, fang, [prang, diminution thereof, the termination /ome is added, denoring drank, came, ran, and {ome others; but moft of thefe are now Jomething, or in fome degree5 as delight, delightfome 5 game, game. obfolete. . Some in the participle paflive likewife take ez, as Jome5 itk, irkjome; burden, burdenfome5 trouble, troublefom fricken, firucken, drunken, bounden 2. Fight light, lightfome5 hand; Aandfome5 alone, loneforme 5 toil, toiljomg reach, feck, befeech, catch, buy, bring, think teach aork, make fought, taught, raught bought, brought, thought, wrought fought befought caught lefs, qu[gff But a great many of thefe retain likewife the regular form bear, Jhear, [wear tear aweave awake fland break [peak cleave, [trive thrive drive fhine, rife, arife, fmite, write, bide, abide, ride, choofe, chufe iread, get, beget, forget, feethe, make in both preterite and participle rook, forfook, awoke, awoke, ftood, broke, [poke, bore, fbore Jawore, tore, wore, wove, clove, [frove, throve, drove, fhone, rofe arofe, /mote, wrote, bode, abode, rode, chofe, trode, got, begot, for got, jod. But we fay likewife, thrive, rife, fmit, writ, abid rid. In the preterite fome are likewife formed by a, as brake Jpake bare, [bare, [ware tare, ware, clave, gat paflive many of them are formed by ex, as taken, fbaken, forJaken, broken, [poken, born, fhorm, [worn, torn, aworn, aeven An ten, begotten, forgotten, fodden chofen trodden, got do likewife retai man the analogy in both, as waked, awaked, [beared, weaved, leaved abided, feethed 4. Giwe, bid, fit, make in the preterite gawe, bade, fate; i the participle paflive, giwen, bidden, fitten 5 but in both id 5. Draw know grow, throw blow croa like a cock, fy Aoy, fee, Iy, make their preterite drew, knew, grew, threa blew, crew, flew, flew, faw, lay 5 their participles paflive by 7 drawn, known, growsn, thrown, blown, fown, flain, feen, lien _dain Yet from flee is made fled ; from go, went, from the ol awend, the participle is gore O DEr1vATION Nouns are derived from verbs The thing implied in the verb, as done or produced, is commonly either the prefent of the verb; as to love, lowe; to fright a fright5 to fight, a fight ; or the preterite of the verb, as, t firike, T flrick or ftrook, a_froke The a&tion is the {fame with the participle prefent, as lovizg frighting, fighting, [lriking The agent, or perfon aéing, is denoted by the fyllable er added to the verb, as Jower, [righter, ftriker Subftantives, adjeftives, and fometimes other parts of {peech change lengthened int o verbs th in whic confonan caf f{oftened the vowel i ofte as a houfe, 0 boufe brafs, 70 braze; glafs, 10 glaze ; grafs, to graze ; price, to prize breath, #o0 breathe5 a fith, to fifo; oil, 10 0il5 fusther,. to fur- ther 5 forward, to foravard 5 hinder, to binder. SometImes the termination ¢z ;is added jetives; as hafte 1 'Thu comfort, comflrt/afr {apy often denoted by the par. ticle un prefixed to many adjectives, or 7z before words derived from the Latin; as pleafant, wmpleafant5 wile, unwife; profit-able, unprofitable; patient, impatient. 'Thus anworthy, yp healthy, unfruitful, unufeful, and many more The original Englifh privative is #z ; but as we often borrow from the Latin, or its defcendants, word indifcreet, the infeparabl already fignifyin privation as incfficacious; impious particles #n and iz have fallen into confufion, fro which it is not eafy to difentangle them ing, unaided, undelighted, unendeared Un ought never to be prefixed to a participle prefent, to mark a forbearance o action, as unfighing5 but a privation of habit, as unpitying Un is prefixed to moft fubftantives which have an Englifh termination, as uz- Sertilencfs, unperfeénefs, which, if they have borrowed terminations, take iz or in as infertilityy imperfection5 uncivily inciwility5 unaffivey inactivity In borrowing adjectives, if we receive them already compounded, it is ufua to retain the particle prefixed, as indecent, inelegant, improper; but if we borrow the adjetive, and add the privative particle, we commonly prefix un, as a@npalitey ungallant The prepofitive particles 47s and mis, derived from the des and mes of the French, fignify almoft the fame as wz; yet di rather imports contrariety than privation, fince it anfwers.t the Latin prepofitio #e. Mis infinuates fome érror,, and fo the moft part may be rendered by the Latin words male or per peram ‘To like, 20 diflike; honour difbonour ; to honour, t grace, 7o difbonour, to difgrace; to deign, o difdeign; chance hap, mifchance, mifbap 5 to take, 1o miftake; deed, mifdeed ‘That the Englith language may be more eafily underftood, it is neceffary t enquire how its derivative words are deduced from their primitives, and how th primitives are borrowed from other languages In this enquiryI fhalt fometimes copy Dr. Wallis, and fometimes endeavour to fupply his defeéts, and rectify his errours ar be[jz[fl 5 Un is prefixed to all words originally Englith; as untrue, untruth, untaught unbandfone Un is prefixed to all participles made privative adjetives, as unfecling, unaffffbegat, forgat, In the participl and -perhaps fome others, but more rarely cloven, thriven, driven, rifen, [mitten, ridden Japle (m'e[e'/} Privation or contraricty is ver as teached, reached, befeeched, catched, worked 3. Take, fhake, forfake, wake On the contrary, the termination //s added to fubftantives makes adjectives fignifying want ; as worthlefs, aitlefs, heart efpecially to ad baffen; length, 2o lengthen ; firgngth, z to ule, to mifufe; to employ, to mifemploy apply {)Wo.rds derived from Latin written with fame fignification; as diffingui/b, diftinguo defame, defamo; detain, detineo The termination /y added to fubftantives adjectives, forms adje@ives that import fom to apply, to mi/ or 4is retain th detral?, detraho and fometimes t kind of fimilitude or agreement, being formed by contra&ion of Zc# or. fife. A giant, giantly, giantlike 5 earth, earthly ; Heaven, beavenly world, aworldly ; God, godly ; good, goodly The fame termination /y added to adjeives, forms adverbs of like fignification; as beautiful, beautifully ; fiveet, fweetlys that is, in a beautiful manner 5 with fome degree of Jaweetnefs The termination 7/ added to adjecives, imports diminution and added to fubftantives, imports fimilitude or tendency to charater; as green, greemifb 5 white, awhitifh; {oft, foftifb; thief, zbievifb 5 a wolf, awolvifh ; a child, childih We have forms of diminutives in fubftantives, though not frequent5 as a hill, & hillock; a cock, a cockrel; a pike, pickrel 5 this is a French termination: a goofe, a goffing; thi is a German termination: a lamb, @ lambkin ; a chick, a chicken a man, g manikin 3 a pipe, a pipkin 5 and thus Halkin, whence th | patrenimick, Hawkins ; Wilkin,. Thomkin, and others, fa |