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Show 1887.] NOMENCLATURE OF INDIAN MAMMALS. 623 is known to have a black beard. Elawandum is perhaps the same as Eli Wanderu, a Ceylonese name, according to Kelaart, of S. ther-sites, which I believe to be a variety of S. cephalopterus. It, however, has not a black beard. Elawandum is the same as Buffon's Lowando. The name Simia veter cannot possibly refer to the Malabar Monkey. I now turn to the authentic history of the Malabar Monkey in the works of European naturalists. Buffon, Hist. Nat. xiv. pp. 169, 174, pl. xviii., described and figured a Monkey which was clearly the Malabar form. He called the animal " Ouanderou ; " and identified it with the " Wanderow" of Captain Robert Knox, and with the Wanderu and Elawandum of Ray. The name of Wanderu has clung to the Malabar Monkey 2ver since ; but really applies, as Templeton, Kelaart, Tennent, and others have shown, to the Ceylonese Semnopitheci, and was rightly employed for those animals by Knox and Ray. The word Wanderu, however, as Sterndale has pointed out, is merely a Cingalese form of the Hindi word bandar, and means Monkey in a wide sense. Schreber, in 1775 (Saugth. i. p. 87), united the "Ouanderou" of Buffon with the Simia silenus of Linnaeus, and has been followed by naturalists generally *. There can be very little doubt but that the animal under consideration is the " Lion-tailed Monkey " of Pennant2. The first Latin name that I can find applied to this species is Simia ferox, given by Shaw in the'Museum Leverianum' (p. 69), published in 1792. The description is accompanied by a fair figure. I think that the specific name ferox ought, by the rules, to be employed for this species, and I see no reason why Pennant's English name should not be adopted, instead of the misleading term " Wanderoo Monkey." II. On the Simia cynomolgos of Linnaus. In the twelfth edition of Linnaeus's ' Systema Naturae/ p. 38, a species of Simia is thus described :- " S. cynomolgos caudata imberbis, naribus bifidis elatis, cauda arcuata, natibus calvis. Habitat in Africa, vigilis noctu instituit in arboribus." Two references are given:-Brisson, Quad. p. 213, and Cercopithecus angolensis major, Marcgrav. Bras. 227- To the quotation from Marcgrav is added a reference to Ray, Quad. 155. Both Ray and Brisson, however, merely copied Marcgrav's account with a few unimportant emendations. It is clear, therefore, that the Simia cynomolgos of Linnaeus is the animal described by Marcgrav. George Marcgrav, who appears to have been a trustworthy writer, 1 The only important exception is Frederic Cuvier, who, in the folio ' Histoire Naturelle des Mammifefes,' gave two capital figures of the " Ouanderou," and pointed out that it differed from the animal described by Prosper Alpinus. In the ' Table Generate et Methodique,' however, the specific name silenus ^Svn Mamm. p. 109; Hist. Quad. ed. 3, i. p. 193, pl. xliv. f. 1. J 41* |
