| OCR Text |
Show 58 DR. B. C. A. WINDLE ON THE [Feb. I, by a flat tendon into the back of the femur at the junction of its lower and middle thirds. (2) External, which is much thicker and rounded, arises from a prominent tubercle near the centre of the linea ileo-pectinea, and is inserted into the femur from the lower part of the lesser trochanter to the upper border of the internal part of the same muscle. Gracilis is very large, and arises from the inner part of the linea ileo-pectinea, from the pubic crest, symphysis pubis and ramus of that hone, covering in the other adductors ; it is inserted into the crest of the tibia, occupying nearly its upper half. Adductors longus, magnus, brevis, and quadratus are present; the lower fibres of magnus pass down as low as the head of the tibia. Gastrocnemius is large and its heads are without sesamoids. It is joined by soleus, which is small, and fibular only in its origin. There is no separate plantaris, but the posterior part of the tendo Achillis passes over the back of the os calcis, to which by far the greater part of the same tendon is attached, to the sole of the foot. With this tendon are connected on its superficial surface a number of muscular fibres, from which and from a slight continuation on the deep surface of the fibres of the plantar portion of the tendo Achillis arise the four perforated tendons of the toes. There is no flexor longus hallucis as a separate structure. A large muscle occupies the whole of the internal and posterior portion of the leg; this ends in a single large tendon, which divides into five slips for the toes. Tibialis posticus is a small muscle with a long tendon ; its belly lies under the upper part of flexor longus digitorum. There are peronei longus, brevis, quinti, and quarti. Tibialis anticus and extensor longus digitorum, which last has four terminal tendons for the four outer toes, are much fused. There is a small but distinct extensor proprius hallucis. Extensor brevis digitorum sends tendons to the four outer toes.* There is a large popliteus. Hallux has an adductor which arises from the middle of the inferior surface of the os calcis, and ends in a long tendon which is inserted into tbe inner side of tbe head of the metatarsal ; an opponens and a strong flexor brevis. Minimus has a strong abductor and an interosseal flexor brevis. Each of the remaining digits has a single muscular mass lying on the plantar aspect of its metatarsal without other trace of division than an incomplete median longitudinal fibrous intersection. This muscle is in each case inserted into the base of the first phalanx and into the superior surface of the fibro-cartilage lying over the meta-tarso- phalangeal articulation. Nerve Plexuses. Brachial Plexus (fig. 1).-The fourth cervical nerve divides into two portions, from the upper and smaller of which is derived the greater part of the phrenic. The lower portion joins the 5th, which has previously given a filament to the phrenic. The combined cord formed from 4 and 5 breaks up into four branches-supra- and subscapular (smallest), circumflex and musculo-cutaneous. Circumflex gives off a branch of communication to the upper part of the tith nerve and also two subscapular branches. Musculo-cutaneous gives |
