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Show 404 MR. J. H. LEECH ON THE BUTTERFLIES [May 3, and yellow, others were of a much deeper yellow than the ordinary type, and some were nearly all black, being by far the most pronounced var. hippocrates I have yet seen. Every specimen was much larger than the parent. The following description of the full-fed larva does not seem to differ in the slightest degree from the common form oi P. machaon :- Larva.-Ground-colour of body pale green, smooth ; head the same marked with black. Each segment of the larva is divided traus-versely by a broad black band interrupted on each side by three orange spots, that occurring in the spiracular region being the largest. Each segmental division is marked by a black band, extending in most specimens about halfway down the sides and contracting and expanding with the movements of the larva; leg3 tipped with black and a black spot above each leg. Each abdominal leg has a broad black band, above which is a large triangular black mark surmounted by two smaller spots; belly paler than dorsal area and spotted at intervals with black. Feeds on the common carrot. 2. PAPILIO XUTHUS, L. Var. xuthulus, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 4, t. 1. fig. 2. Common all over Japan and Corea during the warm months. The earliest form is "xuthulus " in March and April, but this variety does not seem to be nearly so distinct in Japan as in the Amur region, intermediate forms occurring commonly from xuthulus to xuthus, which continues in turn to vary until a larger and much darker form is reached, which bears the same resemblance to xuthus^ that hippocrates does to machaon. I have specimens from Nagasaki (July) in which the black markings are »ery much exaggerated, and the yellow is replaced by a deep buff. 3. PAPILIO BIANOR. P. bianor, Cr. Pap. Ex. ii. t. 103. f. C (1779). P. maakii, Men. Schrenk's Reise, p. 10, t. i. (1859). P. dehaanii, Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xiv. p. 323 (1864). P. raddei, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 3, t. i. Var. japonica, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. ix. p. 50 (1866). P. alliucmon, De l'Oiza (ex Boisd.), Lep. Jap. p. 9 (1869). P. tutanus, Fenton, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 855. This species varies to such an extent that it is impossible to form any correct opinion on the subject until our knowledge of its habits and distribution is considerably increased; the existing arrangements are, however, purely artificial, as none of the characters on which it has been subdivided are constant. The two most distinct types, viz. raddei and maakii, have been shown to be seasonal forms of the same species by breeding, which proves the species to be double-brooded. Dehaanii, japonica, and alliacmon are, so far as my knowledge goes, either spring or alpine forms, from which I should infer that they were the first brood of bianor, maakii, and tutanus, which only occur in summer. Occurs commonly all over Japan and Corea. |
