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Show 92 MR. GARROD ON THE VISCERAL ANATOMY [Jail. 21, 2. On the Visceral Anatomv of the Sumatran Rhinoceros (Ceratorhinus sumatrensis). By A. H. G A R R O D , B.A., F.Z.S., Prosector to the Society. [Eeceived December 5, 1872.] The death on September 21st, 1872, of the only English specimen of the Sumatran Rhinoceros bas afforded me an opportunity of determining many points in its anatomy previously unknown ; and Prof. Owen's excellent memoir on Bhinoceros indicus, in the fourth volume of the Society's 'Transactions,' has made it possible to compare the details of structure in the two species. The differences in the shape of the stomach, and the character of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, together with the peculiarities of the skin, including the presence of a second horn, the absence of a gland behind the foot, and the smallness of the folds, which cannot accurately be termed shields, appear to me quite to justify the separation, into a distinct genus, of the Sumatran Rhinoceros from its Indian ally, as has been done by Dr. Gray from a study of its osteology only. The specimen upon which these observations are based is said to have been captured in Malacca*: it is an aged female : its skin is of a dark slate-colour, and is covered thinly with black hairs, which are more than an inch long, situated mostly on the middle line of the back and on the outer sides of the limbs. Its length from the tip of the nose to the base of the tail is 96| inches. The tail is 22 inches long ; from its base to the transverse shoulder-fold is 44 inches ; and from the latter to the occipital crest is 22 inches. The ears are lined, and not fringed (as are those of Ceratorhinus lasiotis) with black hairs. No traces could be found at the back of the feet of the glands described by Prof. Owen in the Indian Rhinoceros. The skull, the only part of the skeleton which I have examined, is 21-| inches from the tip of the nasal bones to the middle of the occipital crest, following its longitudinal direction. From one lachrymal tubercle over the head to that of the opposite side is 8 inches. The conjoined nasal bones in their broadest part are 6| inches across from their lower margins over the insertion of the anterior horn. The lower incisors and the first premolars are lost; Prof. Flower informs me that a specimen in the Museum at Brussels has also lost its lower incisors. The premaxillary bones are anchylosed to the maxillaries, a condition I have not found in any other specimen, and which is probably dependent on the loss of the lower cutting-teeth. Including the present one, I have seen eight skulls of Asiatic two-horned Rhinoceroses (Ceratorhinus)-four in the College-of-Surgeons Museum, two in the British Museum, and one at the Museum at Cambridge. The present specimen agrees very closely with that at the last-named place, and with No. 1461 a, adult, from Pegu, in the British Museum. It being that of an aged individual, comparison * See for an account of its history Mr. Sclater's notes, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 494. |