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Show 1873.] THE BIRDS OF EASTERN PERU. 255 1. This district belongs strictly to that great division of the fauna which contains Guiana and the whole of the basins of the Amazons and Orinoco, and may be called the "Amazonian province." 2. This division is characterized by the presence of certain peculiar ornithic types, such as Phcenicocercus, Gymnoderus, Galb-alcyrhynchus, Opisthocomus, and Psophia*. 3. The Amazonian province is roughly divisible into three sections -(1) Guiana, up to the Rio Negro, (2) Lower Amazonia f, (3) tipper Amazonia-to the last of which the district now under consideration belongs. 4. The Upper Amazonian district, however, is more distinct from the Guianan than the Lower Amazonian, nearly one third of the species hitherto found in it being absent from Guiana. 5. In some cases the Guianan species are replaced in the Amazonas by nearly allied representatives, e.g.:- Guianan species. Upper-Amazonian representatives. Rupicola crocea by R. peruviana. Phcenicocercus carnifex „ P. nigricollis. Capito erythrocephalus „ C. peruvianus. Psophia crepitans ,, Ps. leucoptera. 6. The most abundant families of the Upper-Amazonian avifauna are the Formicariidse and Dendrocolaptidae ; and these also show the greatest number of peculiar species. Fam. TURDIDCE. Of this family Mr. Bartlett obtained examples of four species, all of which are of rather wide range, one of them being a North- American species, but occurring here in one of the most southern points of its distribution. 1. TURDUS SWAINSONI, Cab. Chamicuros (Bartli). " Only one specimen obtained."-E. B. 2. TURDUS PHCEOPYGUS, Cab. ; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 749, 754. Chyavetas and Chamicuros. " Common in Eastern Peru; always on high and sandy country." -E. B. 3. TURDUS FUMIGATUS, Licht.; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 177. Turdus hauxwelli, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 265. Nauta, Chamicuros, and Santa Cruz (Bartlett) ; Pebas (Hauxwi). W e have no doubt of the identity of T. hauxwelli with this species, * N.B. All these genera occur in Guiana and also in the Amazonas. t Concerning this section see our paper on Mr. Wallace's collections, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 566. |