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Show 618 INTERSTATE ADJUDICATIONS There is shown one possible development of power. It is at King's Island in Connecticut where 4,000 horsepower is now produced. The owner has been authorized by the Federal Power Commission to build a higher dam to develop approximately 50,000 horsepower. It is not shown that the company has determined so to do, or that the necessary capital has been arranged for. The present use of the water for power purposes will not be disturbed by the diversion. If water- power shall be developed to the extent of 50,000 hoi sepower., the diver- sion will cause an injury of $80,000. Connecticut failed to establish that the taking of flood waters will be materially injurious to the shad run or that the diversion will per- ceptibly increase the pollution of the river. The legislative determination to use the waters of the Ware and SwTift was made and the Acts of 1926 and 1927 were passed as the result of long-continued and careful study. Connecticut submits two plans to show that the northeastern part of Massachusetts has abun- dant supplies of water for the Boston district. The first involves combining water from 15 watersheds on the Assabet, Sudbury, Shawsheen and Ipswich rivers. The plan involves pumping and also treatment of the water for its purification. From an engineering standpoint it is inferior to that adopted for the Ware- Swift development. And, while a considerable amount of water from these sources may be made available, most of it is of a quality much inferior to the waters of the Ware and Swift. And the amount would be inadequate and constitute only a part of the needed supply. The opera- tion of the plan would be of uncertain duration and might have to be abandoned. The second plan is based on the taking of water from the Merrimack. That stream drains a large watershed mainly in New Hampshire. It is polluted and the pollution is practically beyond the control of Massachusetts. There is no certainty of its improvement or that it will not become worse. Unquestionably, polluted water may be made wholesome by proper treatment. A considerable amount of industrial waste from mills, cellulose plants, tanneries, rendering works and gas works, of which there are many in New Hampshire, is peculiarly diffi- cult to eliminate from water. The necessary treatment of waters so polluted involves several processes-storage for 30 to 90 days in a large reservoir, aeration, nitration, chlorination. These introduce a human element subject to weaknesses and failures of human nature. Instances of breakdowns are given. There is a small element of danger involved in every elaborate system of water purification. With a single exception, all the witnesses expressed preference for a supply of originally pure water over a purified polluted one. Lawrence is the only city in Massachusetts using Merrimack water for drinking. It consumes an extraordinary amount of bottled water the cost of which in 1916 was about 55 per cent, of the amount paid for public water for all purposes. The plan contemplates the taking of 200 million gallons per day from the Merrimack at Tyng's Island, just below the New Hampshire line. That is about one-o;uarter of its flow. Factories below the proposed takeout would be liable to suffer damage from the diversion. The stream is navigable below Haverhill and it is not certain whether the taking of that amount would be permitted by the Government. The master says: "I find the taking from the Merrimack |