OCR Text |
Show 16 MR. F. E. BEDDARD ON THE [Jan. 6, (13) Rector remigium.-The tendon of this muscle is inserted on to ulnare close to the insertion of the last-mentioned muscle; its fibres are connected with the remiges and also with the sheath of the flexor carpi ulnaris. (14) The Flexor metacarpi pollicis arises from the radius; its tendon is inserted in common with that of the flexor sublimis. II. MUSCLES OF THE HIND LIMB.-(1) The Glutaeus maximus is enormously developed, reaching to the patella and hiding most of the flexors of the thigh. (2) The Semimembranosus (fig. 3, Sm., p. 17) is inserted by a long and thin flat tendon on to the inner side of the tibia, just below the ligament binding this bone to the femur. (3) The Semitendinosus (fig. 3, St.) arises from a part of the ilium which is not occupied by the origin of the biceps ; it gives off a large and entirely fleshy accessory semitendinosus (fig. 3, A) ; between this latter and the main part of the muscle is a diagonally running tendinous raphe, which is visible only on the inferior aspect of the muscle; just at this point the superior surface of the muscle is connected by a short tendon to the gastrocnemius. The insertion of the semitendinosus is effected by a flat thin tendon which joins the tendon of the semimembranosus about half an inch in front of their common insertion upon the inner side of the tibia. In the Herons (in Nycticorax, Cancroma) and in Scopus the semimembranosus is attached by a separate tendon to the tibia 1; the semitendinosus is not inserted there at all; in Psophia the muscles are inserted by a common tendon, in Ocydromus by separate tendons. (4) The Biceps is a broad flat muscle which has the usual form and relations ; it passes through a tendinous loop as in nearly all birds before its insertion by a stout tendon on to the fibula. (5) The Ambiens, as Garrod has stated [19], is present. (6) The Femorocaudal is a slender muscle which narrows suddenly into a thin tendon which is nearly one half of the entire length of the muscle. It arises quite in the usual way from the caudal vertebrae and is inserted on to the lower border of the femur. (7) There is no accessory femorocaudal. (8) The Gastrocnemius arises by four separate heads (woodcut, fig. 3) :-the outer head is attached to the femur in common with the outer loop of the biceps sling ; the second head is smaller and is formed by a short flat tendon attached to the femur ; the third head receives a tendon from the semitendinosus and runs up to the femur in close relations with the accessory semitendinosus, it has an attachment also to the inferior of the two adductor muscles; the fourth head is formed by a broad flat tendon to the head of the fibula. (9) The Plantaris is a long muscle with a fleshy origin from the hinder part of tibia just below the internal femoro-tibial ligament ; the origin extends as far down as the insertion of the ligament. (10) The Peroneus longus is a very large and strong muscle, the 1 Mr. Weldon, however, states that in Phanicopterus and the Storks these muscles are inserted in common [21, p. 645]. |