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Show 1891.] TADPOLES OF THE EUROPEAN BATRACHIANS. 601 IV. PELOBATID-E. 4. PELOBATES, Wagl., 1830. 12. fuscus, Laur., 1768. 13. cultripes, Cuv., 1829. 5. PELODYTES, Fitz., 1838. 14. punctatus, Daud., 1802. V. DISCOGLOSSID.E. 6. DISCOGLOSSUS, Otth, 1837. 15. pictus, Otth, 1837. 7. BOMBINATOR, Merr., 1820. 16. igneus, Laur., 1768. 17. pachypus, Fitz., 1838. 8. ALYTES, Wagl., 1830. 18. obstetricans, Laur., 1768. 19. cisternasii, Bosca, 1879. It is with no small satisfaction that I look over this list and compare it with that drawn up by Schreiber (' Herpetologia Europsea') in 1875, in which only 12 species are enumerated, as showing how much progress has been made within the last fifteen years. Through the researches of Fatio, Lataste, Leydig, Heron Royer, Camerano, Pfliiger, Born, Bedriaga, and myself, the right to specific rank of the forms allied to Rana temporaria that had been distinguished by Nilsson, Steenstrup, and Thomas has been indisputably established ; the question of the distinctness of the two species of Bombinator has been settled; and four altogether new species have been added. Key to the Identification of Genera and Species of European Tadpoles. I. Spiraculum sinistral; labial teeth disposed in a single row in each series or ridge. A. Anus dextral; spiraculum directed backwards and upwards; lower lip bordered with papillas. 1. Anus opening close to the lower edge of the tail; upper caudal crest not extending forwards beyond the vertical of the spiraculum ; eyes on the upper surface I. R A N A. a. Series of labial teeth -^-. Interocular space at least twice the distance between the nostrils, and much greater than the width of the mouth; tail acutely pointed, at least nearly twice as long as the body : 1- R. esculenta. Interocular space but little wider than the distance between the nostrils or the width of the mouth; tail once and two thirds to twice as long as the body 2. B. arvalis. b. Series of labial teeth ---. a. Tail obtusely pointed, once and a half to twice as long as the body. Second series of upper labial teeth widely interrupted in |