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Show 1891.] THE NAGA AND KAREN HILLS AND PERAK. 255 term Karen Hills is misleading. My high-country specimens are chiefly from Thandaung and the neighbouring hills, from 4000 to 5000 feet. The low-country ones chiefly from Peti-chaung 500 to 2000 feet. I have made only this division, as between 2000 and 4000 feet I got only a dozen or so species, chiefly Ypthimas. The high-country Butterflies were nearly all of the Khasia species ; the low country contained some interesting Tenasserim and Malayan forms. W e have had to work very hard to secure this small result. Until the last day or two it was the dry-season brood we caught, but most of the Papilios have been flying all the winter, and the Stictophthalma louisa only came out a week ago along with Neope bhima and a few others in the low country only. On the mountains I doubt if the wet-season brood comes out before the middle of M a y ; we got everything there was out up there. At Thandaung there are four peaks. I lived on one, the others were four miles away forming a triangle a mile apart. Each of m y men used to take a peak and stay there all day, and Pambu actually made a platform of boughs on the top of a tree and stood on it all day long like an orang-utan, but we did not any of us catch much. I do not think we averaged till quite lately above twelve specimens per day each, and many of these were useless. " There is no virgin forest anywhere on the hills, though about here it is very fine. The Karens, though a civilized and intelligent people (all Baptists west of Thandaung, though the Red Karens are heathen still), still keep up their bad old habit of 'juming.' This is the system of cultivation practised by nearly all the hill men of Indo-Chinese race, and consists in cutting, burning, cultivating, and abandoning fresh tracts of forest every two or tbree years, so the whole country is a desert of scrub and bamboo. I spent two days going to Lepyagyi, and again up the hill north of Thandaung, about 5000 feet I think, but got nothing, though the Thandaung jungle, bad as it looks, is, I imagine, as good as any west of the Salwin river. Thandaung used to be a sanatorium, but was abandoned on account of fever and a certain terrible fly that infests it. Tigers are very abundant, and there is tigers' dung all along the road, on which all my Euthalia taooana were taken. I imagine that this country from Tenasserim to the Lushai Hills will be the great tiger preserve of the future, as except on the plains it is too barren ever to support many people. I must explain that I sent a great many bad specimens, as 1 thought there were enough to make an article about, and I think, altogether, of 300 species good and bad. In the Danaidse I got nothing at all uncommon. Esites angularis occurred in the low country along with a rare new species, of which the hind wing is produced more at the middle than at the upper median vein. Of Zethera diademoides only males, which were numerous at 1000 to 2000 feet. I see Mr. Holland makes a new genus of it, Euplcemima ; but why not call it Anadebis 1 " I send a few of both sexes of a Thaumantis near aliris (pseuda-liris, Butl.). Like the other two species, it mimics when flying a large protected Cicada (Posena melanoptera ?). It swarms in Borneo, |