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Show The Anatomy 53 i ae Book IL in a Bud, the Liguons Part is{pread abroad, — oe “Whereas ina Trunk-Root, it makes a for haTh aflaring ia the Center. Which is the Caufe of its defcend- in the Ground: as is already, in the Fi/? Wook, and thall 5, fan This be further fhewed. 4. §. ROOTS are generally sie aes ie in being more Entrie,as is that of Liquiri(h; or Parted, rR = aft Roots 5 or at Forked, either at the Bottom, as moft Darted odd, and unA thing } sR oe ing very the Top, as Dandelyon, -and fome others. intelligible, without the knowledge of the Métions of Roots ; whereo SY Parted, again, are either Ramified, as that of Cumfry 5 or Manifold as ofCrowfoot : both are Parted 5 but the pais by the fabdivifion of greater Branches, into leffer 5 thefe, when ivers Strings, have all their diftin& original from one Head. Some ee t, asa Radifh ; others Crooked, as Biftort. Smooth, as Buglofs 5 or nines all round about, as Columbine. And to Carnations, this feemsto is eculiar, That fometimes many of the Strings run parallell with the Voodof the great Root, through the Barque, or betwixt the Wood and - pcan ain, fome are Thick, as Rhubarb; Slender, as the Vine. ey E Hiteahi: Pill | (il Long as Feil : "Short, asa Turnep 2 which are diftinét from Great and Little; in that thefe, are fo called with re{pect to feveral Roots ; thofe, with refpe& to the feveral Dimenfions of one. Short, are Stubbed,as Tris tuberofa ; or Round,as Dracoutin. Roundare Tuberous,or Simply Knobbed, as Rape-Crowfoot 5 Bulbous, that 1s Scaled, as fome Lilys 5 or Shell'd, as an Oxion. Where note, That all’ Bulbous Roots, are, as it were, Hermaphrodites, or Root and Trunk both together: for the Strings only, are abfolute Roots 5 the Bulb, actually containing thofe Parts, whichfpringing up, make the Leaves or Body 5 and is, asit were, ce, Great Bud under ground. a toe Fy seach are Even or Uneven 3 Even, are Cylindrical, as Eryngos or Pyramidal, as Borage, Growing {maller Dowawards, as do moft; or Upwards, as Skirrets. Uneven, are Pitted, as Potato’s, where the Eyes or Buds of the future Trunks lie inward 5 OF Knotted, as Jerufalem- Artichoke 5 where they {tand out. Thefe Differences, are alfo Compounded: fo fome Roots are both Entire and Smooth, as Peony , others Entire, but Stringy, as Clary: that is, neither Ramifid, nor yet Brufhy, or divided at the Topinto feverall {mall Strings s buta Single Root furrounded with many Hairy Threds. Some both Plain in fome parts, and Knobbedin others, as Filipendula, Lilium non bulbofum, ; and others. 8. §. Some alfo have two or more Roots 5 and thofe of one Kind : of which, fome are diftinétly faftend tothe bottome of the Stalk, as in Dogftones ; fome ftand one underanother, fo as only the uppermott is faften’d to the Stalk, as in Dragon, Crocus, and others.. And there-are fome, which have not only two Roots, at the fame time 5 but thofe alfo of two diftin&t Kinds, as in Biffort; one of them, a flender ftrait Cylindrick and horizontall, Roots the other large’and crooked, and bred of the Defcending Trw#k3 as in {peaking next of the Motions of Roots, will be underftood, how. All which, with other Differences by BookIT. of Roots. by Thofe that undertake the Deferiptions of Plants, are accurately to be Noted. But the Differences, above mentioned, will ferve for our prefent Purpofe. 9. §. THE MOTIONSof Roots are alfo divers. Sometim es Level, as are thofe of Hops, Avmi, Cinquefoyle; and all {uch as properly Creep. Sometimes Perpendicular, as that, of Parfiep: Which is different from Straightnefs; for fome Straight Roots, are Level. Both of them areeither Shallow or Deep: fome run Level, and near the Turf, as Woodbind, Wild Anenomy others lower, as Dogs-Gra fs. Some {trike down, buta little Way, as Stramonium 3 others grow deep, as Horfe-Radifh : Which is different from being Long; for many long Roots, are Level, as Hops. 11. §. Some again Defcend, as Tulips, and other Bulbous Roots, which differs from growing only Downwards; in that here, the Head of the Root is immoveable; but in Defcending, the whole Root obteineth different Places, running deeper, time after time, into the arth, Some alfo Afcend, fometimes, and in fome part, appearing above ground, as Turneps. 11. §. Thefe Motions are alfo Compounded ; both in refpe& of the feveral Parts of the Root, and of feveral Times. So the main Reot of Primrofe, is Level; the Strings are Perpendicular. The Roots of mott Seedlings grow Downward and Upward, or fhoot in length at both Ends, at the fame time. Thole of Biftort, out Iris, and fome others, grow, in part, both Downward and Upwarda t feveral times: Whenceit is, that Biffort is Crooked, with fome refemblance to an S, according to its Name ; And that fome Parts of TrisRoot appear oftentimes above the ground. 12. §. There is alfo another Aotion, in fome Roots, not heeded; and that is Covtortion : whereby, without being moved outoftheir Place, they are Writhed or Twifted 5 asa piece of Cloath is, when the Wateris wrung out of it; as in Curduns, Sonchus, and others: whether always] cannot fay. This Mation cannot be noted, without ftripping off the Barque wherebythe Veffels may be feen, fometimes, to make two or three Circumvolutions.. This Motion {eems to be governed bythe winding of the Stalks and therefore to begin at the Head, and terminate at the Poynt or lower end of the Root, which is immoveable. 13. §. BUT ABOVE all the Motions of Roots, not obferved, the moft remarkable is that of DESCENT. Which, although it hath been noted, by fome Botanicks, of Bulbous Roots 5 yet of thefe only : Whereasit is the Property, ofa great many more; and different Kinds5 probably,ofthe far greater number of thofe, of very Perenn of Herbs as of Arum, Rape-Crowfiot, Valerian, Brownw ial Roots ort, Bearffoot, Tanfj, Lychnis, Sampier, Primrofe, Ammi, Avens ; Wood-forrel, fris, and others. Of all which Plants, it is very obferv able, That their Root, is annually revemed, or repaired, out of the Trunk or Stalk it fel That is tofay, The Bafis of the Stalk continually, and by infenfible Degrees, defcending below the furfac e ofthe Earth, and hidingit felf therein; isthus, both in Nature, Place, and Office changéd into a true Root. Which Root, by the contin uance ofthe. faid Oz Motion |