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Show 98 Finally, our traditional field work methods face a supreme test in the urban situation. The distinctiveness of our approach must be melded to the techniques common to urban studies; but, in the process, we must avoid converting our informants into nameless "subjects" or "respondents." Thus, the future of anthropology in the Latin American city is unclear; many important research problems exist which merit our attention as anthropologists, but we must be patient as we struggle in the new environment of urban field work. Tresierra, Julio, "Heterogeneidad cultural y Desarrollo Integral, Una Interpre-tacion Dialectica," America Indigena, XXX, No. 3 (July, 1970), pp. 635,- 656. English summary: One of the outstanding problems in the contemporary world is that of the underdeveloped world. In this sense, the economic development in its theoretical considerations and practical consequences was (and is) the subject of study by social scientists, politicians, legal rights and others. From this perspective, the question of development became the predominating topic in the less favored areas of the world, one of these areas being Latin America. This essay attempts to analyze the development tendencies in the Latin America complex or more explicitly, the different processes of social transformation implied by the development, related to the cultural structure, viewed in a broad sense as a heterogeneous structure. Specifically, an attempt is made to elaborate the dilemma presupposed by an "integrative" development policy when it is applied to a social-cultural structure distinguished by its heterogeneity, Leon-Portilla, Miguel, "Presencia del Mundo Indigena," America Ind igena, XXX, No. 4 (October, 1970), pp. 993-1003. English summary: Three aspects of "Indian presence" are discussed here. First, that derived from archaeological remains, art and other spiritial creations constituting what has been called the pre-Hispanic legacy. Another aspect is offered by Indian elements incorporated into the life and culture of the rest of the population, mestizo and of European origin, in Latin America. Finally, that of greatest interest here, the physical presence of millions of Indians in many countries of this hemisphere. Four great areas of Indian presence can be distinguished in Latin America: the Meso-American zone (Mexico and adjacent regions of Central America) where intensive processes of ethnic and cultural mestizaje have been and continue to occur. Another area is that of the so-called Andean countries: Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, as well as some regions of southern Colombia and others in northern Chile and Argentina. This is a very wide area in which the cultural fusions have not been very intense. A third area is that of the South American jungles with groups that have lived in considerable isolation and in conditions sometimes described as of "primitive Culture." The fourth area includes the rest of the natives to a certain extent also marginal, like the Araucanos of Chile, some groups in Argentina and others in Northern Mexico, like the Seris, |
