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Show 116 The objectives of the Course were focused principally on supplying the scholarship holders a set of basic Social Science concepts as a basis for all the phases of the Community Development process. They were trained in the analysis and interpretation of the cultures; they were familiarized in the specific technique of organizing orientation and information courses for workers; they were trained in the field in the supervision of Community Development projects in their different phases, and an attempt was made to create in them the proper attitude for work in Indian communities, Throughout the whole Course, the scholarship holders were placed in conditions of active participation and development of creativity, reorienting, insofar as possible, their abilities in reading, reference work, analysis and utilization of tools in Community Development. The final evaluation of initial basic knowledge, of yield and benefits, was highly satisfactory. 1967 Holmberg, Allan R. "Algunas relaciones entre la privacion psicobiologica y el cambio cultural en los Andes," America Indigena, XXVII No. 1, (January, 1967), pp. 3-24. English Summary: The Peruvian government and Cornell University established a pilot development project that was directed, insofar as the aspects of anthropological application were concerned, by the author of this article, Dr. Allan R. Holmberg, recently deceased. It makes a study of the different types of fears that operate in hacienda communities and that shape an auto-punitive personality in the Indians that serve in them. The hacienda communities are founded on a feudal system of land-holding that subjects the members to an extreme dependence on the master. The Indian farmers agree to work a certain number of days for the hacienda in exchange for the right to hold a small parcel of cultivable land and pasture land for a few head of stock. To consolidate the system the hacienda puts into operation various control mechanisms that, accepted by the farmer, place him in a position of servitude within a hierarchic structure in which he occupies the lowest status. The serf is considered an inferior being and is treated roughly. He lives in constant fear and anxiety, so obvious and deep-rooted that it is not an exaggeration to say that the culture of repression that constitutes the patrimony of the pariahs has never supplied them with effective psychic channels of escape that can give them an acceptable feeling of security. |