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Show 66 part of the larger problem of post-war planning. To solve this problem it is necessary to get the collaboration of the workers, peasants, industrialists, and the middle class. Hernandez de Alba, Gregorio (Colombia), "Lo Indigena Como Expresion Americana," Americalndjjena, IV, No. 3 (July, 1944), Mexico, D.F., pp. 223-225. English summary: The author speaks of the widespread cultural similarities among the Indians of America which show very clearly the great unity which existed among the pre-hispanic civilizations of America, and which persists at present. Hernandez de Alba mentions the distribution of food, agricultural and hunting areas of North America which find their counterpart in South America. He says that the use of transportation, architectural styles, the division of labor, sculpture, pottery, work in gold and silver, and metallurgy, is also similar throughout aboriginal America. He also says that in many respects the social organization was similar among all Indian peoples of America. These broad cultural similarities make it urgent to form a single unified conscience among the Indians of America. We must study them, understand them, and elevate them, but we must not teach them to disparage the great value of their social heritage. Kirchhoff, Paul (Mexico), "Comentario al Articulo del Senor Hernandez de Alba," America Indigena, IV, No. 3 (July, 1944), Mexico, D.F., pp. 127-131. English summary: The author, who had an opportunity to see M. Hernandez de Alba's article "Lo Indigena Como Expresion Americana" before its publication, disagrees with the latter's affirmation of a basic uniformity or even unity of American Indian culture in pre-Columbian days and presents a number of examples to show the profound differences that existed. He believes that the most characteristic feature of the preconquest cultural situation on this continent was precisely the great diversity of culture, both in level and content, and that a realistic approach to the problem of the Indian's contribution to modern American civilization must take this fact into consideration. Modern American civilization is based on a fusion, everywhere different as to its component parts and therefore as to its results, of different American Indian, European, and African cultures, and peoples. This great variety of cultural patterns, far from making impossible a unity in action of the peoples of this continent, is one of its greatest riches. Basauri, Carlos (Mexico), "El Psicoanalisis y la Etnografia," America Indigena, IV, No. 4 (October, 1944), Mexico, D.F., pp. 265-273. English summary: In studying the Indian population of the Americas, psychoanalysis as a method is indispensable for interpreting their cultures. Their present social situation, the historical circumstances datin* from the Conquest, which caused upheaval in the Indians' lives and°intro-duced abrupt changes of a political, social, economic, and religious character along with the superimposing of western culture all combined to crush the psychological personality of the Indian' These factors produced a state of "forgetfulness" of the principal elements in his spiritual life, and therefore this supression of his most im- |