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Show APPENDIX TO PART III. San Andet·, is on the river of that name, about 1·0 miles from the se,t, in -3° 1·5' N. latitude and 10 1° \V. lonRitudc. The ki twdom or New Leoti is botJildcd cast by New San An- • ) de t·, 11CJI'lh by Coj.;quilltt, we::,t by Bi sc:1y, and south by St. Louis nnu .Zacat:1ca; i ts gt·eatest lcngtlt uonh and south is 250 rllilcs, width cast and we st 100 mil es. lts population may be estimated at 30,000 sn11 h:;. Its capital, Mont El l{ cy, i~i' si tuated on the head waters of Tiget· ri ver, which di scharge:; itself into the g-ulf of lVI.cxico. The. city of' Mont El Hey conlttins about II ,000 souls, ancl1s the scat of th ~ bishop, Don Dio Pt·etuiro, who visited the port of N<~chitoches when commanded by captain Turner, of the :J cl United States rcgi· lliCilt or infantry. His cpi:;copal jurisdiction extends OVCI' Nuevo ~an Ander, New Leon, Co~qui1la and Texas, and his salary is equal to 3 100,000 per annunt. .:\Iont El Hey is situated in 2 6° N. latitude and 102° \V. longitude. There are many and t·icll mi11cs ncar the citv or Mont El H.cy, from whence, I am informed, there arc taken, to i>c coined, 100 mule-loads of hull ion in sil vet· and g·old monthly, whi t:h may be pt·csunted to he not more than the three-fifths of what is taken from the n-.ines, as the!'c arc many persons who prcfct· never ~etting thcit· metal coined, as then it i!:> not so easily asccrtaitt cd what they <.tl'C worth, whic!t is an all-important secret in a despotic govcmment. The foreg-oing nine administrations or intcndencias, the king4 <1om of Leon, ancl the provincL: ef Nuevo San Andet· are included in the two audiences ol' Guaclalaxara and Mexico, and for·m, ::ts I believe , the whole political govcrmnent of the vice-roy of .Mexico i but I am not positive whethet• his jurisdiction docs not include the : udicnce of Guatimalia, which lies to the south, and includes the prtl\ ll\CC or l.hat name, that of Chiapa, Yucatan, Vcraqua, Cos.ta Hira and Hondut·as. An audicuce is the high comt of appeals Ill whtch the vic c-1·oy presides and has two votes: it is intended as a check on his power ancl Hllthority. The aclmiuistrations at·e ~overned by intendants, who ~rc o.f· ficcrs of high rank, and alway~ Europeans. The longitude g1vcn 1s from the mc1·idian of Paris. In the general view of New Spain, I sh<'ll take some notice of t he manners, customs, political force, &c. or the vice-royalty; but, :;to.; l do not pretend to be correctly infomlCd as to that quarter of the l;ing-<lom, and there have been so many persons who have ?ivcn ::;tatcmcuts on those hcn.ds, l sltall confiuc my obset·vations princJpally to the internal J)rovinccs through which I passed, allCl on which I 111i.lde my observations. APPENDIX TO PART III. NEw Mr-:xLco li ce; be tween :i0° SO' and 1·1·0 N'. latitude antl 104· and 108° \V. Jongitt Hlc, and is the most nor th em pt· >v i nee of the kin g-dom of New 'pain; it extends nol't lt-wcst itrto anurHicline(l bounrlat·y, is huundc<l not·th all'! c a !;t by Loui siana, south by Biscay and Cog-quilla, ancl west by Senora and 'alilo l'nia. Its leng th is unknown, its IH'cadth may be 600 1niles, but the inhabited part is not more than 400 miles in l cn~t h and 50 in breadth, lying alon ~ th<~ rivet· del Norte, ft·om the 37° to the 31° :>o' N. lati tude; but in thi.., space there is a de sen of more than ~50 miles. .llh· anrl C'limate.-No persons accu-;tomed to resiclc in the temperate climate of 36 and 37 degrees of nonh latitude in the United States can form any idea of the pic t·c ing cold which you cxperie ucc in that parallel in New Mexico; but tlte air is serene and unaccompanied by damps Ot' fo g-s, as it rains but once a yeat·, a11d some years not at all. 1t is a mountainous country. The g-rand dividing ridges which scpat·atc the w:.tlcrs of the rio del None from those of California border it on the line of .its WC'stcm limits, and arc cover·ed, in some places, with ctcmnl snows, which give a keenness to the air tbat could not be calculated upon nor expected in a temperntc zone. T£mbe1· and P lains.-The cotton tree is the only tree of this province, except ::.ome scrubby pines and cedars at the loot of the mountains. The fanner borders the banks of the rio del Not·te and its tr·ibutary streams. All the rest of the country pt·cscn ts to the eye a barren wild of poor land, scarcely to be impt·oved by culttt! ·e, and appears to be only capable of producing sullicicnt subsistence for those animal!:> which live on succulent plants aucl hcl'lxtge. ll:liu es, l'dinerals, and F ossils -There arc no mines knowu in the province, except one of cupper situated in a mountain on the West side of the rio del N ortc, in latitude 34° N. It is worked and )H'oduccs 20,000 mule-loads of copper annually. It also furni sltc!S tl.tat article fot· the mauufactorics of nearly all the in tcmtd proVinces. It contains gold; but not quite sufficient to pay for its extraction; consequently it has not been pursued. There is, ncar Santa Fe, in some of the mountains, a !:>lt·atum .o f ta' l c, w 1 · 1 · · · 11c 1 1s so large ancl flexible as to rendet· It capable of bc-mg- subdivided into thin flakes, of which the greater proportion of the houses in Santa Fe, and all the vilhwcs to the north have their W. liHlow-Jights made. 0 ' |