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Show 5.:! _'\PPENUIX TO PART I. 'stand in g- the rapidity of the current, one of my invalids, who wns on the \V. shore waded to the E. (where we were encamped.) The E. bank at the Hapids is a vet·y high pt·ail"ie ; the \V. scrubby wood land. The Sac river is a considerable ~trcam, which comes in on the \ V. an <I bears about S. \V. and is 200 yards wide at its mouth. The qu:mtity of game still inct·easing from the Sac river to Pi11e c reek, (the place where I built my stockade, and left part of my p nrty) the borcl rs are prairie, with groves of pine on the edge of the bank ; hut there arc some exceptions \\here ynu meet with small bottoms of oak, ash, maple, and lyun. In this di stance there is nn intermission of ra1 ills for about 4·0 miles, when they commence r.~ain, and arc full as difficult as eve1·. There are three small creeks e mptying- in on the \\'.scarcely worthy of notice, and oh the E. arc two small rivers called Lake and Clear l{ivers ; the former quite a small one, bears N. \V. and is about Is yards wide at its mouth; !'bout 3 milts from its entrance, is a beautiful small lak e, arounrl wllich, re ~or t iwmense herds of elk and buffalo. Clrar rivet· is a beautiful little stream, of uhout bO yards in width, and heads in some swamps and small lakes on "hich the Sauteaux of Lower Reel Ced<ll' Lake, and S :~ ndy Lake frequently come to hunt. The soil of the prairit•s from above the falls is sandy, but would raise small grain in <1lmndance ; the bottoms rich, and fit for corn or hemp. line creek is a small stream wJ ,ich comes in on the \V. shore, and bears nearly \V. It is bordered by brge g t·oves of •white and ud pine. From Pine creek to the Isle De C01·beau, (ol' river of that name) two small rivers come in on the \V .. hore. The first is of liule consequence i but the second called l'.lk river, is entitled to m ore consideration, from its c<•mnnmication '\>\i th the river St. Peters. They first a~· c.cnd it to a snnll b!.c, cross it, then ascend a small stream to a la1·ge lake ; from which they make a portage of four miles \ V. and fall into the auteaux river, which they descend. into the 1i\'er ~t. Peters. On the E. side is one small stream which heads towards Lower Red Cedar Lake, and is bounded by hills. The v. IH1Ie of this di~tan ce is remarkably difficult to naYigate, being one contin ued succesbion of rapicl shoals <md falls; but there is one de· ::;crves to b~ more pa1·ticularly noticed, viz: The place called by the Fr~nch Lc Shute de Ia floche Peinture, which is certainly the 3d obstacle in poi11t of n<wir;ation, wl1ir h I met with in tny whole ro t~to. The shore where there is not pr::~iric, is a continued succession ofptne 1 iclgcs. The entrance of the rivet· De Cot·beau, is partly hid .by. t h~ island of that name, and eli ·c hnr~c s its waters into the Mis~J SS1 PP! aiwve and below it: the lowest channel bearing from the .l\lississippl APPEXDIX TO J>AR'.r J. N. 65°, \V. the nppet· due \V. This (in my opinion) should be termed the Forks of the Mississippi, it being nearly of equal ma~11itndc, and heading not far from the same source ; although taking a much more direct course to their junction. It may be observed on the chm't, that, from St. L ouis to this place, the course of the river had generally been N. to the \V. and, that from here it bore N. E. This river affords the best and most approved communication with the Red river; and the navigation is as follows : You ascend the river De Co1·bean 180 miles, to the entrance of the rive t· Des Feuilles, which comes f1·om the N. \V. This you nscend IS0 miles also; then muke a portage of half a mile into the Otte1· T ail Lake, ,, hich is a principal SOUI'CC of Red river. The other branch or the rivet· De Corucnu bears S. \V. and approximates \\ith the St. Pete rs. The whole of this river is rapid, and by no means affording- so n1uc h water as the Mississippi. T heir confluence is in la titude 4.5° 4 S' 50"~. In thi.s .division ~he elk, deer, and bu lfalo. were p1·obably i11 g t·cate1· quantlttcs than 111 any other part of my whole voyag·c. Fro1n thence to Pine river the 1\hs~i ssippi continues to beconte narrower, and has but few islands. In this eli ·tance I discovered but one rapid, which the fot·ce of the frost had not entirely covered with icc. The sho1·cs in g~neral presented a d1·eary prospect of high barren nobc;, covered '~'llh deac~ and fallen pine timber. 'f o th is there wc1·c some exccp. t10ns of nclges of yellow nncl pitch pine ; also some small botton 1 s of. lynn, elm, oak, and ash. The adjacent country is (ut least two thtrds) covered with smal l lakes, some of which arc S miles in ci r· cumferencc. This renders the communication impassible in sum. m.ct·, except with SJHall bat·k canoes. In this distance we first met Wtth a sp~cics of pine called the sap pine. 1 t was equally unknown to myself and all my pat·ty. It sca rcely ever exceeds the heig-ht of 35 feet, and is very full ()f projecting· branches. The leaves arc simi. ;~r to .other pines; but [JI'oject out from the branches on each side, . a direct hne, thereby rendering the branch flat; and thi-; formation occ~sions the natives and voya~ers to giH· it the pt·eferC'nce on ~II occasi?ns to the branches of all other trees fo1· their beds, and to covel' thcu· ternpot"\, . . . b · · . . . . ' 1 Y c.\Jnps, utJts greatest VIrtue ansC's from lis medtcmal c 1· · 'l'l · · llla ltl<'s. 1c nncl l!:i s111ooth, with the exception of little 'protubct·ances of . 1 1 · · 1 . •1 )OUt t 1e sJze ot a hazC'l nut; the top of which Jemg cut, you snue • 1 · f · ' J czc out a g tltlllous substance of the consistence o hone TJ · . 1 . Y· Hs g·um or s:~p ~ 1 ves name to the tree, nne! is used l>y lie nanves and tt·u I . . f I • < e1 s o l wt coun try as a balsam for all wounds made by shar1) · . . . . . . lllsti umcnts, or on p<IJ'll:l frozen, nnd alrnost all othrr txtct nal InJIIrJr 1 · 1 h . s w IJC' l t <'Y n •rctvc J\1v ponJ• fc·llows experienced |