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Show 30 APPENDIX TO PART II. On the lOth, about noon, I passed the Gran~ Saline, .or the JV't"wsewketonga, which is a reddish color, though Its water IS v.c~y 1 . . About two days march up this river, you find the p1'a1.1'1C c e.u. N E b k grass on t)1 e S · W • side incrusted with salt, and on the · .· '· 1 an1 , f res I1 water spt··m gs , and lakes •'t bounding with , fish. 1l.u s. sat. t 1c Arkansaw Osages, obtain by scraping it o£1' of the prame wll~l a turkey's w.m g .m to a wooc1 e n t1 .e nc 11 et. · The river d.o. cs not dcl'IVe . . . f ·om its saline properties, but the quantities that may Its 1'lc\m e t . f 1 pot·tble always be found on its banks, and is at all seasons o t IC year. ' . . On the 20th in the afternoon, we passed another salmc \~1th water eqnully as red as the Ncwse'luketonga, and more strongly Im· pregnated with salt. . b After encountering every hardship, to which a voyage IS ~u · · ect in small canoes, at so inclement a season of the ~car,. I armed ~n the 23d in st. in a storm of hail and snow, at the wmtenn~ ca~p of Cashcsegra, 01." }'))1 ·g Track," chief of the Osages_, who restde on V ercligrise n·v e rs. 0 n t Jt c 1r 0 11 ow·m g d·t ty I ot>"'t ve him yo.u t· talk, nnd rccei~ed his reply, which it is unnecessary to recount !ully~ as it was merely a descn.p tw. n o f 1l i•S povet' ty .c \ nd mis• era• ble s. ltualto.n . He however said. that he had been ·m ('o mte d , t 11 c Un I ted St·' \tes JO. · tended erecting factories, 011 the Osage river, and that he was anxl· ous to have one neat· to his own villa~c, and for the puq~ose, he was willing to give the United States the tract of country lymg b~tweenf the V. e rd1. gn.s c and G rand n.v et.s . A fra c t 01.y with a gatTJson . o troops stationed there, would answet· the d<:>t1ble purpose 0 ~ kccptn1~ in oHler those Indians, who arc the most desperate aud prof.hgate !)a of the whole nation, and more fully u· npress·m ~ tl.1 e~. w1th a. n tdeIa of out· consequence, and gaining more firmly thctr inendshlp. t also would tend to preserve harmony among t I1 e Cl1 .a c t a\v s , Cree.k s, Cherokees and Osa(res of the three <l 1·n ·e rent VI·1 1 ages., who ·•u ·e w a constant sta' te of watr>f are, and further 1• t would prevent t 1 Osages l C • . making cxcm·s.w ns m. to the country o f t 11 c• pool. .a n d peaceably ,d ts· posed Caddocs, and might have some effect m· con fi nm· g the Spa· ni·n·ds to their own territorial limits. . ' · · 1 Gnnu1 On the 27th I passed the mouths of the V CJ'(hgnsc anc ' rivers the fol'mer be.m g about a hundrccI , uncl l I1 e I·a tte 1 . one hundrc<,1 ancl th' irty yards wide; those streams enter w1· t 1l l·l l a qu arter of .a. m• ile of each other. Below the mouth of G rancl I.t· v el.' com me n\e.e the rapids, which continue for several hun<lt·ed nu· les d own the J l· kansaw. . . . . . 1 Osage About 58 or 60 miles up the V ertltgnsc, IS s1tuatc t 1e village. This band some four or five ye~rs since, were led by t1 10 APPENDIX TO PA[{T II. clticf Cashescgi'U, to the watc i'S of the Arka nsaw, at tile request or Pierre CJJOutcau, for the plll'pose of srcHrmg- their trade. J'hc r:rr/u.~h·e tradt· of the Osage 1·ivrr, having at that time been putchased ft·om tl1c Spanish g-overnor, by Matlltel Lisa, of St. Lo11 is, hut thoug·h Ca-;hcsq:ra be the nominal leader; Clermont, o1· the B uildt'l' of To'1UIIS, is th r g reat est watTiOJ·, and most influenti al man, and is now more lirm ly attached to the inten·sts of the Amcrirll tls, than any other chil'f of the nation. lie is the lawfu l sovereign of' thr Grand Osages, but llis hereditary ri g-ht was usurped by Pahuska 01 lVI1ite lfair, whilst Clermo11t was yet an infant. VVhite I Ltir, itt fact, is a chief of Chouteau's creating-, as well as C<l~ he~c~;nt, and neither ha"e the power, or disposition to restrain thci t· youug men from the perpetration of nn impruper act, fc:u.ing- least they shou!d reuder themseh·es unpopulm·. On the 29th I passsed a fall of uear seven feet perpendicular, and at evening was vi~ited by a scout from an Osag-e war p<H't)', and received from th em a man by the nan1e of 1\ll'Farl:ml', who hud been tt·apping up the Pot toe. vV e passed about 1:oon thi" day, th<· mouths of the rircr des Illinois, which enters on the N. E. side. <\nd the Canadian river, which puts .in from the ~. \\' . The latter river is the main bmnch of the Arkansaw, nnd is equally as large. On the 31st I passed the mouth of Pot toe, a deep, though nan·ow stream, which puts in on the S. \V. and abo the ri\'er au "Mil!ieu" that enters from the N. E. On the evening of the 6th J anuary I reached the plantation of a Mr. Labon1mc, and was moi'e inhospitably tl'eated than by the savages themselves. On the 8th passed the two u pper Arkansaw or Quapaw Yillages, and on the 9th, <ll'te t· passing- the lower Quapaw town, and a settlement of Chartaws, a1Tivcd at the post of Arkansuw. The surface of the country between the Osage towns and tlte Pawnee villagr is g-cu rally broken and naked; the soil sterile, and about <J' · • 1 r. · · l tn~ Wll1 dtlt and hmc stones. As you approach the waters of the Kan!lcs, it becomes hilly and sandy; the same may be said of the ~ountry between the Pawnee village and the Arkansaw, but aftel' passtng the 1·i<lgc which separates the waters of the Kanses and Arkunsaw, the sm·facc becomes more reg-u lar and less stoney. . ~clow tlte V el'digTisc, the shores of the At·kansaw are gencJally hned with cane, and consequently rich bottomti. I was informe~ l by the Indians that the countt·y to the not·th west of the Osage Vtlhtg-c, abounds with valuable lead mines, hut I could mnke nodi., .. covct·y of any body of minet-.\1. ).~ |