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Show A.PP.eNDIX TO PART III. Those savages arc armed with bow and arrows and with lances, or cscopatcs. Althou g-h they arc said to be con,·crtcd to Christianity, they still retain many of thcit· ancient rituals, feasts, and ceremonies, one or which is so remarkable it must not be passed unnoticed. Once a year there is a g-reat feast prepared for three successive day~, which they spend in eating, drinking, and dancing. Ncar to this SC'\'IlC of amusement is a clark cave, into which not a glimpse of light can penetrate and in which is prepared places to repose on. T o this placr persons of all descriptions, of both sexes and of alla~cs, ali.er puberty, and repair in the nig-ht, where there is an indiscriminate commct·ce of the \'Otaries, as chance, fortune, anti events di· rcct. Those revels certainly have great aflinity to some of the ancjcllt mystic rights of G recce and Rome. G'ov('rnmcut and La 'Tu.~ .-The government of New Mexico may be termed military, in the pmc sense of the word; for although tlH;y have their alcacles ot· in~ rior oflicet·s, their judgments arc subject to a rcver·sion hy the military comm::mtlants of districts. The whole male population arc ~ubj ct to military duty, without pay or· cmolumcllt, nnd nrc ohligetl to flntl th.ci r own horses, arms and pro· ~· t s ton. The only thing furnished by the g·oyernment is ammunition, and it is ·xtt·aMclinary with what subordination they act when they are turned out to do militat·y duty, a strong proof of which was exhibited in the expedition of l\Ial ~ a rcs to the Pawnees. His (;ommand consisted of 100 dt·agoons of the regular service and 500 drafts from the province. lie had continued down the Red l'i1'1~1· nntil tbc:it· provision began to be short: they then <lemanclcd of the lieutenant where he was bound ancl the intention of the expcdi tioll 1 To this he haug htily repli ed, " wherever his horse led him." A few momin ~s after he was presented with a petition, signed by '200 of the militia, to r·cturn home. He halted immediately, and cnusccl l•is dr:.Jgoons to c r·ect a gallo,vs; then beat to arms. The troop'! fell in: he separa~ed the j1rtitionr1-.~ from the others, then took the m~n who had presented the prtition, tied him up, and gave him 50 lashes, and threatened to pnt to death, on the gallows erected, any m. n who sl oulcl clare to g- t·nmhle. This effectually silenced thelll, and qucl k-.1 the r.ising- spi r·it or sedition ; but it was remarked thar 1t W\\'i tl•e first instance o{ a Spnnirn d l'ecciving corporal punishmcn ever known i11 the JH'OYincc. Jl!lorrz/.~·, JVmmers, t7c .-Thcre is nothing peculiarly cha!'acter· i rtir in thi~ [>l'O\'inre that will not be embraced in my general obsc~· vations on N cw Sp<lin, except that being frontier, and cut off, as •L APPENDIX TO PART ITT. were, frmn the more inhabited parts of thC' kinO"clon1 too·etl · 1 • , ' r:> ' ~ lCrWttJ then· conttnual wars with some of the sa,·age nations who sut·· J"ound thct~, rcn.dcr them the bt·avest and mont barely subjects in !':c~ Spam; bcmg generally at·med, they know the usc of them. l heu· want. of gold an.d silver renders th em laborious, in orde t· that the .p~·o~ucuons of theu· labor may be the means ot' cslabl i::.hing the cqudtbnum between them and the other provi11ces where tho::; . 11\etals abound. Their insolated and remote situat ion also cau5c~ then~ to. exhibit,. in a supet·ior degree, the heaven-li ke qualities 0 ; hosJ~lt.nhty and kwuncss, in which they appear to endea"or to fulfi l th.e ll1JUnction of the sc~·ipturc, which enjoins us to fe ed rhe hungTy, clothe the naked, and g-1ve comfort to the oppre~se d in spirit, and 1 shall always take plcasmc in expressing my grati tude for th ci 1 noble r~~eption of myself and the men undc t· my command. Jllzlztary P orce.-Thcrc is but 011e troop of dragoons in al1 Nc': Mexico of the re g-ubr force, which is sta tioned at Sallt:t F e, ancl. 1 ~ 100 .stron~· 0~ this. troop the g·ovcrnor is always the captain, entnhng lumsl'l( capt<un of the royal troop of San ta Fe dragoons ; but they arc commanded by a first lieutenant, who is cnptain by brevet. . . The me.,.n capabl_e of bearing arms in tlris province may be t:sllmo.~tcd ut ;>000 : of those probably 1000 arc completely armed, 1000 badly1 and the rest not at all. Relig-ion.-Thc catholic relig·ion is practised in this province nfler the same mannct· as in the other provinces, and will hereafter be tnkcn notice of g-enerally. . lli.,9tory.--Jn the year 1591 two fria rs came out from Olcll\Iex- 1co to New Mexico, and were well received by tl1c ~avages. T hey t·eturned, and the ensuing year J ttnn de Ouute, a monk, went out, cxplo1·ed the country, and rctumed. After this 100 t roops and 500 men, women, and child ren came out and ::.cttl ·d on the Rio de l ~orte, some, no ve ry g reat, d.i::.tance from where Santa Fe now stan.d s. '1'1 1ey entered u· no an anangcment wi. th the Indians on the subject of the.it· establishment; but a few years al'ter the Jndians rose. en ma8se, fell on the Spaniards by surp rise, h.illed mo'lt of the soldiers, and oblig·cd them to retreat to the P asso del 1\ot·te (fron\ whence it acquired its name) . Here th ey waited a reinforcement ft·om lli!,c·t I • I I . 1 f . 'y, w He 1 t 1cy recc1vec, o 70 men and two fie ld- pieces, Wllh which tl1 c·y 1· c C· OIHlllCilCC·u1 t 1l el·l ' 11ltli'C h an<l 1•t naJly at't'l·V Cd nt S. a. nta. Fe ' tJ 1e11 t 11 e capl•t a 1 1n dw· n v·i llag-e, to whic h they immediately l,ud s1erre '1'1 I 1. . . · h <> • le llC tans nunnt<Hned tltemsch·cs twenty-two day ~ , w ~n they sun·cndct· d and entered in to a second negotiation, ~ince wluch time tl S . I l b . le p<umn·c s H\ve ccn engaged Ill co·Jllinual wa rl~rc |