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Show 6 APPENDlX TO PAPT III. Ri-t't'rs.-The river <lrl Norte takrs its source in the mountain~ (whith ~~ ivc birth to the heacl-\\atcrs of California, the Pl.ttJ, Pict·tc .T.III IH' or the l\lissomi ancl Arlcm'>O.W of the l\1issis~-;ippi) in 40° K. latit11cle ancl I lOu \V.long-itULl . lts <listnnc from it!:> ~omcc to the g 111f of I\1cxico may be, by its meanders, e~timatccl a~ 2?00 mile!!, pa ssin!~ thro11gh the pt'O\ inccs of New l\f xtco, part oi Utscay, Cogquilla, and New San Ander, where it falls into the g11lf in 2.6° N. latitude. It cannot, in any part of its course, be termed a nc.IVIgablc ·trram, owing- to the sand-burs. In the 11at country and mountains m the upper part, with which its course is interrupted, small boats mig-ht ascend as hi~h as the Presidio de rio Gt·c.mcle it~ Cogquilla, and it mig-ht he navigable for canoes in various parts of Jts comsc. In the motmt·,ins above Santa Fe it afforded amply sufficient water fot· canoe Il<tVi :~ation, ancl even more than appearctl to be flowing in its bed in the plains. Thi<; mu~t be attributed to numerous canal~ anc\ the dry sandy soil through which the rivet· cout·ses aucl where much of the watct· 'vhi ch flowed from the mountains must be absorbed ancl lost. In the pt·ovincc of New Mexico it is called the Hio del Norte· below it is termed the Hio G t·anclc; hut in no instance did ' . T hear it called the Rio llravo, as many of om· ancient map!i dcstg· nate it. Tltere arc also, in the limits of thi province, to the west, the riv-ers San Rafael, San Xavier, riYcr de los Dolores, also de los Ana· mas ot· Nabnjoa, all of which join and form the Great Rio Colorado -or California. 'The two first take theit· sources in the same moun· tains as the Rio del Norte. but on the west side. The river Colorado, by its me::tnclers, may be about 1000 mile~ in length, from its soun-cs to its discharge into the head of the gulf of Calil'omi::t, in the 33d degree of N. latitude. It has hcen '.·cpre· scntecl to me, by men of information ~mel research, to be navtgab~c for square ri~gccl ve.,sels :tt least 300 miles from the gulf. By thts ri,·er ~md the At·kansaw th ere could be the best commum•c au.o n eS · tahlishecl between the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans. Therr arc represented to he \'al'ious, numerous and warlike n~uions of In~ians on its banks. Through the whole of it~ course its banks arc enurcly destitute of Timber, and indeed I was informed that for 300 miles there was not a tree ten inches in <liamctct·. The 1 iver S. lluenaventma empties into the Pacific ocean ~0 the north of California in 39° 30' N. latitude, nnd takes its source 111 the Sierra Madre to the north of the Colorado aucl del Norte. . The Rio Gila heads opposite to the copper-mines, ~mc.J dts APPENDIX TO PAHT III. ... ' charges itself into the gulf of Califomia, just below the Colorado in the 33cl degree of N. latitude. ' The Hio Puerto is a bt·anch of the Hio del Norte, and comes from the north and joins that river about lOO miles below the Presidio del Norte. None of the foregoing- streams pres.cnt any evidences of civilization on theit· shores bm tho Hio del Norte. Lakcs.-1 heo.t·d of no lakes in the province, except tbnt of Tampano.gos, the existence of which 1 consid('l' very doubtful. Il is said t~ commence (according- to Father E!:icalantc) in tite 40th dcg·.· ~· lat~tude, and to have bceu explored to the 4·2d dcg. in a N. ,V. du·cct·on, wltere it enlarged its climcn~iun, and the discoverc 1 thought proper to return. .dninwi.\·.-Nonh .Mexico produces deer, elk, buffalo, cab1ic, the gresley, black bear, and wilcl horses. Pojll~lation.-I t.s pop11lation is not fat· short of 30,000 soul s, one-twentieth uf ~vl trc!t may be Spaniat·ds from l·:uropc (or C'hapctones), four-tw<'nllcths Creoles, 11vc-twentieths 1\lctifs and th · othc half riviliz<:d Indian s. ' 1 . _The capital j ,; Santa Fe, si tuated on a s r11all stt·r~lm ,\ hich emp tt~s tnto the cast !:iide of the H io del Norte, at the foot of the 11101111 _ Huns which divide the waters of that river from the Arkansaw anc, Red river of the 1\lississippi, in 3<io .... latitude ancl 109° \V. lonn-itudc. It is an oblonf~ !.>C]Uare, extending about one m ilc from e~st to west on the banks of the creek. In the centre is the public: squ.al'c~ one ::,ide of which forms the llank of' the soldiers' square, wluch Is closed and in 5onte degree defended by round towers in the ~n~lcs which llank the four cunains: at~othet· side of the square is ~~'.nee~ by.thc pah~ce of the g-overnor, lus guard-houses) &c. The t Htd,sldt Is occupied by the priests unci their suit, and the fourth by the Chapcto11cs who reside in the city. The !louses :lre genet'<dly only one .stol'y high, flat roof's, anti have a very mean appearance on the OUt-Slde, but some of thelll are richly furnished, c::,peciaJJy with plate. The secon·u1 cJ• tJ· es m• t I1 e prov·m ce arc Albuquerque and Pal:iso del Nort 'l'J 1 · l . T . c. JC attet· Js t1c most south cm cay of the J)rovincc ' <~s ons Is the most nol'thcm. Between the village of Sibillcta and the l>asso tl•tcre is a wildemess of ncar 200 miles. . '1'1 ·acfc mul Commera.-New Mexico canies on a trade dit·cct \Vlth Mexico thmugh JEscay, also with Senora and Sinaloa: it scnc~s out ubout,30,000 sheep nnnually tobac ·o dressed deer and C•tb k · ' ' ' l'te 5 · 1n~, some fur, b\tfntlo robes, salt, and wrought copper' es- |