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Show 54 APPENDIX TO PART I. its beneficial qualities hy the application made _of it to thc_it· frozen cxtrcml·l t·c s ·m vnt:t o tts 1.11stances · l'he Pine n vcr bear. s [rom the Ml·S Sl·S S·l ppl· N • 30o l• •. .".l thour0r h it emt)ties in on tha• t wluch• has been hitherto termed the ,;v, shore. It is 80 yards wtdc at Its n:outh, <llllI I1 as. an ishl nd immediately at the entrance. It commm• )l(:•a tes \V·I t 11 L a J.·.. c I . c S~""t 1o,...·, L~) 'ue ' hy the followirwo course of nav1gauon:. I n one <ln , y,...,, •5 ,-1 1'1 from the confiucncc, you arrive at the fi•r st pa,r t o[ \Vhite Fi sh Lakr, which is about 6 miles long and two Wide. hom thence vou pursue the river about two miles, and come. to the 2d \Vhitc ·Fish Lal,e, which i::; about 3 miles long and l wtdc; then you han.~ the river three miles to the 3d lake, which is 7 miles long_ ,md two in \\itllh. (which I ct·ossctl on my retum from the head of the l\li')sis~ippi on the of 1· c bruary; an(1 I· S ·m 46° 32' ~"2 " N · la-tituclc) From th<'nce you follow the rivc1· a q:1art~r o: a mile ~o th~ 4th l.tkc, which js a circular one of about 5 mlles In ctrcumfcrcncc. From thence you pursue the n·v er one <1a y •s sa·r1 t o ,-t sm''l ll h•k c ·' from tl1encc two d.ty's sai l to a portag-e, which conveys you to another lake, from whence by small portag·cs from lake to lake, you make the , oyagc to Leech Lake. The whole of this course bys through rid ~rcs of pines ot· swamps of pi1tenct, sap pine, hemlock, &c &.c. }'rom tile river De Cot·bcau to this pluce, the deer arc very plenty, but we found no more hu ffalo or elk. 1•·r om th1·s spot to n\e d Cech• r I "' akc ' the pi11c ridges arc intcrt·uptt·d by laq;e bottoms of elm, as~1, oak~ and maple; the soil of which would be very proper for cultivation. 1· r~m the apJH'.traricc of the icc, (which was firm and equal) I conceive there can be but one ripple in this distance. Red Cedar lake l.ays 011 the E. side of the Mississippi, at the distance of 6 miles from H_, and is ncar equally clistant from the river De Cm·beau and Lake De Sable. Its form 1. s an oiJion~ square, :m<I m.1, y b e 10 m.t] es I. I1 circumference. l'rom this to Lake i)c Sable on the E. shore, you meet with Muddy Hi\•e r, which discharg·cs itself J. lltO the l\'1l' SS·I St·; lpp·t •u-y a mouth. 20 yards w1• cle, and bears >n early N. b• . \ , , c t11 cn meet WJ' tl I Pike nver on the \\' . about 77 miles brlow Sandy lake, and bears nearly due N: up "hirh, you ascend w.n h canoes 1 c1a y ' s sa1· 1, anc 1 anivc at a wild Hicc l.1kr, which you pass through and enter a small su:cam, and •. sccn<l it two league<; ; then cross a portage o f two •a cres 1n.t o a 1'·1 1'-.c 7 lc'V,,' lH''> iu C·l i'CUlllfncncc; then two 1e ag-ucs o f a'· i vcNr 1111l.0 anothc1· small hke. Ft·om thence you descend the current · ·; j 11 t0 Leech l .d~c. The banks o[ the Mississippi arc still borderetf '))' the J)incs o[ the difl'·rcnt species, except a few small bottoms 0 , lm, I} nn ~111cl maple. The game scarce, ancl the Abong· 11· 1es·, sub· APPENDIX TO PAHT I. 55 sist almost entirely on the beaver, with a few moose, and the wild l'ice or oats. Santly Lake r.ivc1· (or the discharge of said lake) is 1arp·t:, ~ut is only six miles in length from the lake to its confiucncc with the l\Iississippi. Lake De Sable is about 25 miles in cii'Ctllnfcrencc, and has a number or small ri vers running .into it : one of those is entitled to particulat· attention, viz: the river Sav,1nna, which by a l)OJ·tage of three miles and three quartcl'S communicates with the rivc1· St. Louis, which empties into Lake Superiot· at the Fond Du Lac; and is tiiC channel by which theN. \tV. com pany IJI·ing all theit· goods for the trade of the Upper Mississippi. Game is very scar·cc in this country. In ~~scenc.Jin g the Missis~i ppi from Sandy lake, you fi1·st m ct with Swan river on the cast, which bears nearly due E. and is na,·igahle fo1· bark canoes, 90 miles to Swan lake. You then meet with the Mcadow rivet·, which falls in on the E. and bca1·s nearly E. by N. and is navigable for· Indian canoes IOO miles. You then in asccnclin~ meet with a very strong ripple, and an expansion of the ri,·er where it fo t·ms a small lake. This is three miles below the Elils of Packegamau, and from which the noise of the shoot might be heard. The cout·se of the rivet· at the faiJs, was N. 70° \V. and jus' below, the ri vcr· is a quarter of a mile in width, but above the shoot not mor than 20 yards. The water thus collected, runs down a ll.tt rock, which has an elevation of about 30 degrees. lmmecliatc ly above the fall is a small island of about 50 yat·ds in circumfcl'ence, Co\ creel with sap pine. The portage which is on the E. (or N.) side, is no more than 200 yards; and by no means difficult. Those falls, in point of consideration, as <lll impediment to the navigation, stand next to the falls of St . .Anthony, fl'om the sout·ce of the ri,'er to the Gulf of Mexico. The banks of the river to the Mcadow river, have g-enerally either been timbered by the pine, pincnctt, hemlock, sap pine , or the aspen tree. From thence it winds tlu·oug-h hi~h gra~s meadows, ( ot· savannas) with the pine swamps, at a <.listancc appearing- to cast a deeper gloom on the bor·ders. Fro111 th falls in asccnclin~, you pass the lake Packegamau on the 'V cclcbratecl for its ~rcat productions of wild rice; and next meet with the Deer river on the E. the extent of its navigation unknown. You next meet with the Rivicr·e Le Cross, 011 . the 1: .. side, which bears nearly N. and llas on ly a portage of one ~II~ t~ pass from it into the Luke 'Vinipcque llranch of the Mis- 518"1PP1· W c next come to what the people of that qua ncr call the forks of the M'I S·S ·l· S~r· pp1·. '1'11 e n· ght fork of wlu· ch betu·s N. \ V . anc l runs eight leagues to Lake Winipecpte, which is of an oval form of |