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Show IU .APPENDIX TO P.\RT 11. Their chiefs arc hereditary, in ll)OSt instances, but) ct there arc many men who hare risen to more inllucnce than those of illus-trious aucc~trr, by their activity aud boldn~.;ss in war. · . . Althoug-h there is no reg-ular cutlc or laws, yet there IS a tacit acknowlccl~mcnt of the rig-ht, wlt1ch some ha\~.; to conanancl on ccrt:1in occasions; \\hilst others arc bouud to obey, an(\ even to subrnit to corporeal punishm~nt; as is inc.,tanc~d in the afrair rclatccl in my diary of the 29th July; wh('n Has-ha-kc-cla-tunga t· (or the Hi~ Solcticr) whom I had made a panisun to rcgt!late the 1~1 0\'~· ments of the Indians, flo g-b'cd a yuung Indian wllh arms 111 lllS hands. On the whole, thLir government may be.; . termed an oli garchi· caln·•)tiblic, ,,. here the chief~ propose, and the peoplt: tkcidc on <Ill public acts. . The manners of the Osage arc cliffcrctlt from those ol an_y nation I eYer saw (t:Xcl·pt Llw'ic bcfure ntelltiolled of the same on· gin) having their people di,idccl into classes. All the bulk .or the nation being warriors and bunters (with them, the terms bemg al· most svnouimous , the remaindt:r i~ divided into two cla..,scs, cooks and do~tot·s, the latter of whom like I\ isc xercisc the funclions of priests ot· mag·icians, and h:1' c );!'eat inO ucncc on th~ counr.ils of th~ nation by theit· pretended divinations, intcq>rctallons ol dreams, nnd their magicdl performances; an illustmtion of which wtll. he better gi\'cn by the following anecdote, which took 1>lace dunng my stay at the nation, in Aug·ust t80G, \'iZ: llavtng had all the doctors or magicians assembled in the lodge or Ca-ha-g.t-tOI1f;U, (alias Cheveux lllancs) and about 500 !>pectators. They IH~clti.I'O rows of fire<; prepared, around which the sacred band wus sl.lttOncd. They commenced the trag-1· c:-comc<1 y , b y pu tt'I ll !;,;. -, 1 h' r~br e b. utchcl' ]mil'<.; clowu tbeit· throats; the blood appearing to run dunng .the operati.o n very naturally; the scene was coutt.n uecI ~ b YJ lUttin ror :,mks through the nose, swallow·m g bones an<1 t,.l k.m g tl 1c•1 1 1 out of the n.o s· tn·l s, &c. At length one f·e llow de mane1 c c 1 o [ me w Il ca t I would gtvc if he would run a su•c k throug 11 11 ·1 5 tongue, an< 1 let ·•l llother i>crson. cut o(T' the piece. I replied," a sllirt., lie then apparently pc~~ formed ll.l s pronu. se, w1. tI1 great pa.m , 1r 0rc.m g a st'lcl.'.. tltrou.l.d, l Ins tongue, and then g.t v.m g a k l\l·1rC to a b yc-s.t ..1 m Ic't., ' vho 'a ])J1.c arc. d tof cut' ofl · the p·t ece, wll·t ch he l \C Il I to l I1 C 11· !; I1 t, l'0 1· tl 1C sati;•:; !", cuon. o the audicn<.e: und th n J.O .l llCtI .1 t to I u. s tongue ; ant1 by 'a magical char1n healed the wound immediately. On demanding of me ':hat I thought of the perfol'lnill cc: I reph.e <l I wou 1< 1 g t· re 1lJ · m 20 shtrts, APPENDIX TO PART II. 11 if he would Jet me cut on· the piece from his tong-ue; this clisronccrted him a gre:a dcnl, and 1 wa'i sorry I made the obscrv:ttio11 • The cooks urc either fot· the g-eneral usc, or att.~c hed particularly to the f,t nlily IJf :,orne great man, and what is the more siugular, that ft'<'CJ U(;ll t I y men who ha vc lx'en g reat warriors, and bra vc men havin!~' lost cd l th ·ir families by di<>easc, in the wm·, and themselves becoming· old <t11d infirm, they l'l'cqucmly take up the profession of t:nok, in Wl\lch they do 110l Cc\l'ry O.li'I11S, and arc supported by the p11hlic, or thc i1· particuhtt' patron. Tl.1c~ likewise .c ·crcisc the fun ct i•ms of town criers, calling the clueb to contlcii and to feasts ; or if any p.~rtinlla r person is \~anted, )Oll c·mploy a c1·icr, who goes tllt·ou f~h the village crying Ius n .1mc, .md inf(H'ill ing 11im he is wanted at such a lodge. \Vhen rccci rcd into 11lc Osag- l' , J!I<~g-e, you imml'di.t tc ly pn:sent yourself at the lod~c of the c hi\·f, who rL ct:ivcs you as his g-t lcst, whct·c you genemlly cat first alte1· tit~ uld p t;t·i,trchal sty le. You arc then invitcd to a feast l:y al l the g" I'L·<tt 111en of' the village; und it would be a gt·cat in sult if }'Oil did llOl comply, at least, as rat• as to la:,tc of thcit· "ictuals. In 011 • itlslancc, 1 was obli~ccl to ta~te of fifteen dif. fct·cnt Clll l'l:.ill lllCI\ls, the s tme nrtcmoon. \Vhen you will hear the cooks Cl') in g·, "come and rat," such an one g ives a feast," como and cat of his bounty." TIH'ir dishes wct·c generally boil('d sweet com in uuo·,do 1;1 cuc;c; ot· bPiled meat and pumpidns; but San Ol'iel (alias T · toha ~i) u·e :J tCd me w.ith a dish or tea in :\ wooden dish, new hot·n sp()ons, boiled llleat ancl ct·tdlct·s: he bad been in the United States. Their towns hold more proplc i11 the same space of _g-round, than any pl ,tces r ever saw. T l\(.:it· lodg·cs being posted wtth scarc<'iy mty rq;ularit~· ; each one building· in the mannet ·, directions, and dimensions which suits him best, by which means they frequently leave only room for a single man to sc 1 ueczc b~tw.cen them; added to this, they h.1ve pens for their horses, all \\lllun the \'illag-c, into which th ·y always d rive them at nig ht, in case~ th~y think, there is any reason to believe thl'rc is an enemy hn·k1ng lll the viciuity. Tbr <?sage lod ~e~ arc gcnel':dly constructed with upl'i~ht posts, put fit·mly lll the g round, of J.bout 20 feet in hcig·ht, with a Cl"l)tCh at the top; tl1cy arc g·cncmlly about 12 l('ct di~tant from e<.~ch other; in the crotch of those posts, al'c put the ridge poles, over whtch at·<· IH·nt small poles, the end of which arc broug-ht down and f.1stcnecl to a I'OW of St'' lkCs o f' ·a \) out 5 1r eet l. ll J1 c.t ght; til ·sc stakes :1t'c fastened togcthet· with three horizontal burs, and from the flank walls of the lt>c'rre '1'1 l \) • 1e tra >lr end~ ~trc gcnc t·ally bt·oacl ..,!.1 )S and rounded off |