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Show APPI·.NDIX TO PAR'11 l. about 36 miles in circumfnencc. From Lake vVinipe(~UC the l'ivcl conu• nucs• ;r,: Je·'1nr~ 1 tcs to UJ1!)Cr Red Ced~1r Lal·e, whtch may be tcrmt'd the Upper Source of lVli')sissippi. The Leec~) Lake llranch bears ( from the forks) S. \V. a11d runs through a ~h<Ull of meadows You puss Muddy lake, which is scarcely any tlung- mo~·c than a~ exten~ive marsh of 15 miles in cin:umferencc ; the nver bears throu~h it nearly N. after which it a1;ain turns vV_- I~1 many places this branch is not mot·~ than ten ot· fifteen yards 10 Wldth, alt.hou_gh lS or 20 feet deep. From this to Leech Lake, the commumcauon is direct, and without any i1npetliment. This is rather_ consi_dcrcd as the main source, although the \tVinipcque llranch 1s navq;able the greatest distance. To this place the whole face of the country has an appearance of an impenetrable morass, or boundlcs savanna. llut on the borders of th.::: lake is some oak and large grove~ of s~gar maple, from which the traders make suflicient _sug-at· lo_t· the1r cons11mption the whole year. Leech Lake comn~umcatcs w,llh.thc river De Corheau by seven portages, and the nver Des bnn_llt:s also, with the Red river, by the Otter Tail Lake on the one s1de, and by Red Ccda1· Lake and other small lakes to H.cd Lake on the other. Out of these small lakes and ridges, rises the upper wat~r~ of the St. Lawrence, Mississippi, and !led river,* the luttet· ofwluch discharges itself into the ocean by Lake \Viuipie and Hudson's Uay All those waters have their uppe1· sources \\ithin 100 miles of each other which I think plainly p•·ovcs this to be the most elevated part ~f theN. E. continent of America. llut \'te mu!:>t cross (w,hat is c.ommonly termed) the R ocky l\1o unta~·n s., Ol. a. S·..1- ur of the Cor· deh. ers, previ· ous to our 1r.1 n d1' ng t 1lC w.a tc.l . s ., who·s e currents run westward, and pay tribute to the western ocean Jn thi!:> quarter we find moose, a very few deer and bear, but .t ast variety of i'ut· animals of all de::.cnptious. . The first nation of Indians whom we met with in ascendwg the Mississippi from St. Louis, were the Sauks, who principally re!>idc in four villages. The lst at the head of tbe rapids De M~y~n °11 the \V. shore cousisting of 13 lo~ lodg-es. The 2d on a prall'lc on the E. shore,' about 60 miles above. The 3d on the Hivicrc De ){oche, about three miles from the cntraucc, anti tlte la~t on the tiver Iowa. They hunt on the M.t ss.t ss.l ppt. an d .1 ts con fl uen t s· trcams· ' from the lllinoi-, to the river Des Iowa; a11d ot1 the pluius west of the_tn, which border the Missouri. They are so pcl'lcctly consoliuatcJ wllh • Red river discharges itself into Hudsou'.~ B:.y, hy Lalt.r- W1 t'n 1. p•1 e 1nd l\6~· s()n's river. APPENDIX TO PART I. 57 the Reynai'(Js, that they scarcdy can be termed a distinct nation ; but t·ecently there appears to be a schism between the two nations: the latter not approving- of the in80lf'1lce und ill •will, which has markrd the conduct of the former towards the United States, on many late occurrences. They have for many years past made war (undet· the auspices of the Sioux) on the Sauteaux, Osages, and Misc;ouries; but as recently a peace has been (throug·h the influence of the United States) made between them and the nations of the Missou1·i, ancl by the same means between the Sioux and Sauteaux, (their principal allies) it appears that it would by no means be a difficult mattet· to induce them to make a general peace, and pay still greater attention to the cultivation of the earth : as they now raise a consicle•·able quantity of corn, beans, and melons. The character that they bear with their savage brethren, is, that they ~re much more to be (h·eaded f(lr theit· deceit nnd inclination for stratagem, than for· open courage. The H.eynards reside in three villages. The 1st. on the \tV. side of the Mississippi, six miles above the t'apids of the rivet· De Roche. The 2d. about 12 miles in the \'Cat· of the lead mines, and the 3d. on Turkey river·, half a league from its entrance. They are engaged in the same wars, and have the same alliances as the S~uks, with whom they must be considered as indissoluble in war o.r peace. They hunt on both sides of the Mississippi from the. rive•· Iowa, (below the Prait'ie Des Chiens) to a river of that name above said village. They raise a great quantity of com, beans, and melons; the formet· of those Jrtirles in such quantities, as to sell m<my hundred bush<.:ls per annum. . The lowas t·esicle on the rivers De Moyen and Iowa in two v.lllagcs. They hunt on the west side of the Mississippi, the r·IVet· De Moyen, and westward to the Missouri; theit· wars and allia?ces arc the same as the Sauks and Reynards; undel' whose spcc1al Pl'Otcction they cunceive themselves to be. They cultivate some corn; but not so much in proportion as the Sauks and Rey-narcls Tl · · · · 1eu· residence hcmg on the small streams in the rear of theM' · · · lSSlsstppt, out of the high road of commcl'ce, renders them less civilized than those nations. The Sauks, Heynards, and Iowas, (since the treaty of the two former wit!1 tl U . 1 ~ ) I . 1e tHte<. •:Jlates c a1m the lund fr·om the cntt·ance of the JauOioni on the W. side of the Mississippi, up the latter rivet· to .the Des Iowa, above tlte Pt·airie Des Chicns and westwat·d to the l\hssouri · b t 1 1• • ' tl t 1e muts between thernselves are undefined. All the land formerly claimed by those nations E. of the Mic;sissippi, i<; R |
