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Show 352 CONCLUDING REMARKS CtrA l' .. / IY. tho arteries of tho 8kin in blushing, and tho increased a tion of tho heart in anger. We may seo children, nnly two or three years old, and. ven those born Llind, 1,hvl1ing from sha1no; and tho naked scalp of a very young infant reddens from prtssion. Infants scr tun fro1n pain directly after birth, an<l all their featureR then assume the samo fonn as during subsequent years. r_rh so facts alone suffice to show that many of our Inost i mr ortant expressions have not been learnt; but it is rmnarkahle that some, which are certainly innate, r quire pra tice in the individual, before they are performed in a full and perfect n1anner; for instance, weeping and laughing. rrhe inheritance of most of onr expressive actions explains the fact that those born Llind display the1n, as I hear from the ]~ev. R. J-l. JHair, equally well with those gifted with oyosjght. \Vo can thus alf:lo understand the fact that tho yonng and the old of widely different races, both with man ancl animals, express the same state of mind by the same movernents. We are so familiar with the fact of young and old animals displaying their feelings in the same manner, that ·wo hardly perceive how re1narkable it is that a young puppy should wag its tail when pleased, depress its oars an<l uncover its canine teeth when pretending to be savage, just like an old dog ; or that a kitten shoul<.l arch its little back and erect its hair when frightened and angry, like an old cat. When, bow· ever, we turn to less common gestures in ourselves, which we are accnston1ed to look at as artificial or con ventional,-such as shrugging tho shoulders, as 11 sign of impotence, or the raising the arms with open hands and extended fingers, as a sign of wonder,-wo · feel perhaps too much surprise at finding that they aro innate. That these and. some other gestures aro in· CHAP. XIV. AND SUMl\1ARY. 3f53 horit d, we may inf r fr In th . b . r very y h 'ld Ir eJDO' per1orm d l1y .ung c l ren, by tho e b rn Llind and b th Jnost Wid 1 y eli. tin t ra of ' y bear in mind tl t . 111 < 11 • W should al: lU, new and hiO'hly r . . a sociation with t · 0 P cu Jar tncl·· , 111 cer al n tates of the mind a 1 to have arisen in ertain individual and t~ l~ rn wn afterwards tran mitt d t their off: .'· . ave b n for more than one 0' n ration pnng, In some ases, th Ct ertain o. th1e r ge· . tur . ' wh : h lC s em to us o na tur I a we mig It a.·Ily Imagin that th y w r inn·ttc appar ntly have be n 1 arnt lil-o th d f < ' a Tl . \. e w r o a Ian b uage. ns se Ins t be th · . . . - the uplifted hands and th te ~ e With the JOlnino- of prayer. o it is ' 'th 1 . . urning up of the ey R, in but th. . . w: o Ing a a mark of af~ c·tion: IS IS Innat ' In so far as it d d l ' su~ · d · d f P n n t 1 p 1 't e enve rom c ntact with a beloved ' , '- evH1ence with . P r on. 1 h . Ie~ p ct to the inh ritanc of n ddino-and shakmg the h ad, a. si()'ns of affi. f o tion, is doubtful· f . th b • 1 ~a Jon and ne a-too g neral to h~v OI ! ale n t univ r al, y t seem the indi . d l f' e been lnd pendently acquired by all VI ua s o so many races. ne \sV e 1 will now co· nsider how far the will an d con C.J ou. - lave come Jnto play in the d l various movements f oxprossi n ;e ~I m nt of the judge 1 f · s ar as we an . ' on y a w expro sive m vemcnt uch tl JU.t referred to, are learnt by each in li;idual· atl t1o. e w re c · 1 d , 1a Is, H on CIOU y an v luntarily p rf'orrned durin • l~ arly year of lifo [I r some d Hnit L. . g ~mitation of oth r' and then be arne h· bd~clt, o~/n ar great r numb r of the movom nt f . . le 'nd aJl the mor , irnp rt nt on ' . S 0 }Xpl~ lOll, . . ' aie, as wo lave e n Innate or Inherited; and uch cann t b , . • ' ?n the will of tho individual. N v rth r: l to d ,p nd mcludod under our first principle were at, fir a:l v~{u~~ ~ A |
