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Show ]. () E. ,.PRE. 'SION OF GRIEF : CnAP. Vfl. several a s 1· n t 11 e •S u sscx L una t·I c Asylum ' and has co1nmunicated to 1ne full details with respect to thr~e of th m; but they need not here be given. ~ro1n hu:) ousorvations on melancholic patients, Mr. Nicol COlieludes that the inner ends of the eyebrows are almost always 1nore or less raised, with the wrinkles on the. f roh 'ad more or less plainly marked. In tho case o( one young woman, these wrinkles were observed to be in constant slight play or movement. In smne cases tho corners of the mouth are depressed, but often only in a sli()"ht degree. Some amount of difference in the expression of the several melancholic p~tients could almo t always be observed. The eyelids generally droop ; and the skin near their outer corners anJ beneath thetn is wrinkled. The naso-labial fold, which runs fron1 the wings of the nostrils to the corners of the 1nouth, and which is so conspicuous in blubbering children, is often plainly marked in these patients. Although with the insane the grief:.muscles often act persistently; yet in ordinary cases they are someti1nes Lrought unconsciously into momentary action by ludicrously slight causes. A gentleman rewarded a young lady by an absurdly small present; she pretended to be offended, and as she upbraided him, her eyebrows beca1ne extremely oblique, with the forehead properly wrinkled. Another young lady and a youth, both in the highest spirits, were eagerly talking together with extraordinary rapidity; and I noticed that, as often as the young lady was beaten, and could not get out her words fast enough, her eyebrows went obliquely upwards, and rectangular furrows were for1ned on her forehead. She thus each time hoisted a Hag of distress ; and this she did half-a-dozen tin1es in the course of a few minutes. I made no 1·emark on the subject, but on a subsequent occasion I asked her to act CnAP. VII. OBLIQUE EYEBROWS. 187 on her grief-tnuscles; another girl who was present, and who could do so voluntarily, showing her what was intended. She tried repeatedly, but utterly failed ; yet so slight a cause of distress as not being able to talk quickly enough, sufficed to bring these 1nusclcs over and over again into energetic action. The expression of grief, due to tho contraction of the grief-1nnscles, is by no means confined to Europeans, but appears to be common to all the races of mankind. I have, at least, received trustworthy accounts in regard to Hindoos, Dhangars (one of the aboriginal hill-tribes of India, and therefore belonging to a quite disti net race from the Hindoos), Malays, Negroes and Australians. With respect to the latter, two observers answer my query in the affirmative, but enter into no. d~tails. Mr. Taplin, however, appends to my descnpttve re1narks the words "this is exact." With respect to negroes, the lady who told 1ne of Fra Angelico's picture, saw a negro towin()" a boat on the Nile, and as he encountered an obstruction, she observed his grief-muscles in strong action, with the 1niudle of the forehead well wrinkled. l\f.r. Geach watched a lHalay man in Malacca, with the corners of his mouth 1nuch depressed, the eyebrows oblique, with deep short grooves on the forehead. This expression lasted for a very short time; and Mr. Geach remarks it ''was a strange one, very much ljk e a person about '' to cry at sonte great loss." In India Mr. H. Erskino founcl that the natives wore familiar with this expression; and l\fr. J. Scott, of the Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, has obligingly sent 1ne a full deseription of two cases. He observed during so1ne time, himself unseen, a very young Dhangar woman from Nagpore, the wife of one of the gardeners, nursing her baby who was at |