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Show BY THE SAME AUTHOR. THE O~IGIN OF SPECIES RY MEANS OF NATUR \I SELlW.I'WN, OR TIIE PH.I~S~~RVATlON OF FAVOURED RACF '. fN THE S fRUGGLE FOR LIFE. Sixth .Edttion. Thi1·teenth Thousand" p t 8vo 'Ts 6d • os • • • MumtAY, 1872. THE DESCE~T OF MAN AND ELECTION IN RELATION TO SEX. .Etghth Thousand. With lllustrations. 2 vols. avo. 24s. MunnAY, 18'11. THE VA_RIA !ION OF ANIMALS AND PLANT. UNDER DOME flCAflO~. 'l'hi1·d Thousam.d. \\-"ith lllustrations. 2 vola. 8Yo. 2 s. MURitAY, 1!:!68. A NATURALIS~'S VOYAGE ROUND TilE WORLD. on JCOUR'IAL OF Rlr.SJ·.AHcrms INTO TIIF: NATURAL ITT TORY ANn G ·o ' ' A OUNTRIES visited during tho voyage of 11M . '13 l ' fl•. r.o. Y 01" Tlm Captain FITZROY R N Eleventl 'J'l ·d' .::s.I) rage, under I he C<Jll11ll:.111d of ' · · ~ ~ wusan . ost l:!vo. !Is. MunnAY, 11:!70. TH~ ~ARIOUS CONTRIVANCES BY WIITCH RRTTI II 1~R!<-1GN OCIWIIIDS ARE FERTILIZED BY INSECTS. nnd on theAfD FFECTd OF ROSSING. Wilh Woodcuts Po t Svo 9s ' ,.1 O<J.D • • • J.J UHI<AY, 1862. THE STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF CORAL REEF SMrru, EwER, & Co. GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON VOLCANIC I LANDS. MITH, ELDJm, & Co. GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON SOUTH AMERICA. SMrru, Er.otm, & Cc. A MONOGRAPH OF THE CIRRIPEDIA . trattons. 2 vols. avo. • W1th numerous Tllus- H.AY SocrKTY. llAimwrcKK. ON THE MOVEMENTS AND PLA~Ts. With Woodcuts. IIADITS OF CLIMB TN G WlLLIA~fS & NORGATI£. FA~TS AN~ ARGUMENTS FOR DARW .From the, German, with Additions by the Aut~~· Ry FRTTZ MuLLER. DALLAS, F.L.S. With lllustrations. J>o~t !lvo. 68 • • Translated by W. f;. Mt:RRA¥, 1o69. LONDON: PltiNl'l.;t) ny Wll,LfA?Ir CIOW ' • • E~ ANI> SONS, STA!IIWRr> STnrono AND CflARING CUOf'S. ' CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION Pages 1-26 CHAP. I.-GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION. The three chief principleR stated-rrhe first principle-Serviceable actions become habitual in association with certain states of the mind, and are performed whether or not of service in each particular case- The force of hahit- Inheritance- Associated hahitnal movements in man-Reflex actions-Passage of habits into reflex actions-Associated habitual movements in the lower animals-Concluding remarks 27-4 9 CHAP. !I.-GENERAL PRINCIPJJES OF EXPRESSION-continued. The Principle of Antithesis-Instances in the dog and cat-Origin of the principle-Conventional signs-1,he principle of antithesis has not arisen from opposite actions being consciously performed under opposite impulses 50-65 CHAP. III.-GENERAL PRINCIPLEs oF ExPRESSIONconcluded. 11he principle of the direct action of the excited nervous system on the body, independently of the will and in part of habitChange of colour in the hair-Trembling of the musclesModified secretions-Perspiration-Expression of extreme pain -Of rage, great joy, and terror-Contrast between the emotions which cause and do not cause expressive movements-Exciting and depressing states of the mind-Summary 66-82 CHAP. IV.-MEANS oF ExPRESSION IN ANniALS. The emission of sounds-Vocal sounds- Sounds otherwise produced- Erection of the dermal appendages, hairs, feathers, &c., under the emotions of anger and · terror-The drawing back of the ears as a preparation for fighting, and as an expression of anger-Erection of the ears and raising the head, a sign of attention .. 83-115 |