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Show 78 ~l'nr~ rnLNCtPLE OF Tit~ DIRECT 'nAP. III. it almost always stands motionless for ~ moment, in order to coll ct its senses and to ascertain the sou~·ce of dano·er and someti1ne.:) for the sake of escaping detecti~n.' But headlong flight soon follows, with no husban lino- of the strength as in fighting, and the animal co~tinu 8 to fly as long as the d~ng~r lasts, until utter prosteation, with faili~g :espiration and circulation with all the muscles quivering and profuse sweating, ;.enders further flight imposs~bl~. Hence it does not seem improbttble that the principle of asso" ciated habit may in part account for, o~· .at least aug1nent, some of the above-named characteristic symp" toms of extre1ne terror. That the principle of associated habit has play~d an. important part in causing the n1ov~ments expressi~e oi the foreo-oincr several strong emotions and sensations, we may~ I think, conclude from considering ~rst!y, ::;orne other strong en1otions which do not ordinarily require for their relief or gratification any voluntary movement; and secondly the contrast in nature between the so-called exciting and depressing states of the mind. No emotion is stronger than maternal love ; but a 1nother may feel the deepest love for her helpless infant, and yet not show it by any outward sign; or only by slight caressing movements, with a gentle smile and tender eyes. But let any one intentionally injure her infant, and see what a change ! how she starts up with threatening aspect, how her eyes sparl~le and her face reddens, how her bosom heaves, nostnls dilate, and heart beats; for anger, and not maternal love, has habitually led to action. The love between the opposite sexes is widely different from maternal love; and when lovers meet, we know that their hearts beat quickly, their breathing is hurried, and their faces "JL/~.P. Itt. A ~'rlo.l Olt' 'l'JlE N.EHV J S BYS'l'El\t. 7J flush; ior this lo ve is not ina ,tive lik that of a Jnoth r for her inf~1nt. A man may have his n1incl fill cl witi1 th blacke t hatred or su~piciou, orb corrod d with envy or j alousy; but as these feelings do not at once lead to action, and as they common! y last for some time, they are not shown by any outward sign, excepting that a man in this state ass~redly does not appear cheerful or good-t mperecl. If Indeed these feelings break out into overt acts, ra~e takes their place, and will be plainly exhibited. Painters can hardly portray suspicion, jealousy, envy, &c., exc pt by the aid of accessories which tell the t~le ; and poets use such vague and fanciful expressions as "green-eyed jealousy." Spenser describes ::;uspicion as "Foul, ill-favoured, and grin1, uncl r his " eyebrows looking still askance," &c. ; ~hakespoare speaks of envy "as lean-faced in her loathson1e ca::;e ;'' and in another place he say~::J, " no black envy shall " make my grave;'' and again as "above pale envy's '' threatening reach." Emotions and sensations have often been classed as exciting or depressing. vVhen all the orrrans of the body and 1nind,-those of voluntary and 0 involnntary movement, of perception, sensation, thought, &c.,perform their functions more energetically and rapidly than usual, a man or animal rna y be said to be excited, and, under an opposite state, to be depressed. Anger and joy are fro1n the first exciting emotions, and they naturally lead, more especially the former, to energetic movements, which react on the heart and this aaain 0 on the brain. A physician once remarked to me as a proof of the exciting nature of anger, that a man when excessively jaded will sometimes invent imagirrary offences and put himself into a passion, unconsciously for the sake of reinvigorating himself; and since |