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Show 2G4 CnAr. XI. with pride. A peacock or a turkey-cock strutting abont with puffed-up feathers, is so1netimes said to be an embleln of pride.13 The arrogant man looks down on others, and with lowi.red eyelids hardly condcscencls to see them ; or he may show his contempt by slight moven1ents, such as those before described, about the nostriLs or lips. l-Ienee the n1uscle which everts the lower lip has been callecl the musculus superbus. In some photographs of patients affected by a 1nonon1ania of pride, sent mo by Dr. Crichton Browne, the hea(l and body were held erect, and the month firmly closed. This latter action, expressive of decision, follows, I preFmme, fro1n the proud man feeling perfect self-confidence in himself. The whole expression of pride stands in direct antithesis to that of humllity; so that nothing need here be said of the latter state of mind. ' Helplessness, Impotence: Shrugging the shoulders.vVhen a n1an wishes to show that he cannot do something, or prevent something being done, he often raises with a quick 1novement both shoulders. At the san1e time, if the whole gesture is completed, he bends his elbows closely inwards, raises his open hands, turning them outwards, with the fingers separated. The head is often thrown a little on one side ; the eyebrow·s are elevated, and this causes wrinkles across the forehead. 'rhe mouth is generally opened. I 1nay mention, in order to show how unconsciously the features are thus acted on, that though I had often intentionally shrugged my shoulders to observe bow my 13 Grat.iolet (De la Phys. p. 351) makes this rcmal'k, nr.d l ns fOP good observations on the expression of pride. See Sir C. Bell ('Anatomy of Expression,' p. 111) on the action of the musculns superbus. 'Y l. ! 1 at the ~ olnu - ~r . th trng ;han all 1, t )• f ' g1n ~ of lVCl' rs, y a con ~ .n. ly. 1ny l!Cl' l in h- ~ l'S. h r ~ en nt At ·ad as .h nd , 1' tPS |