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Show 2.)2 R~EETIING AND DEFIANCE. CIIAI'. X. tho uncovering of the canine on one side, "I find that " the natives in snarling at each other speak with tho '' teeth closed, the upper lip Jeawn to one side, and a " gon ral angry expression of face; but they look direct " at tho person addressed." Three other observers in A.ustralia, one in Abyssinia, and one in China, answer tny query on this head in the affirmative; but as tho expression is rare, and as they enter into no details, I am afraid of itnplicitly trusting thetn. It is, however, by no means in1probable that this animal-like expr -ssion may be more co1nmon with savages than with civilized races. lVIr. Geach is an observer who may be fully trusted, and he has observed it on one occasion in a 1\tialay in the interior of Malacca. The Rev. S. 0. Glenie answers, "We have observed this " expression with the natives of Ceylon, but not often." Lastly, in North America, Dr. Rothrock has seen it with some wild Indians, and often in a tribe adjoining the Atnahs. . Although the upper lip is certainly sometimes raised on one side alone in sneering at or defying any one, I do not know that this is always the case, for the face is con1monly half averted, and the expression is often 11101nentary. The moven1ent being confined to one side 1nay not be an essential part of the expression, but may depend on the proper muscles being incapable of moveInent excepting on one side. I asked four persons to endeavour to act voluntarily in this n1anner; two could e~pose .the canine only on the left side, one ouly on the rtght side, and the fourth on neither side. N everthe~ ess it ~s by no 1neans certain that these same persons, If defy1ng any one in earnest, would not unconsciously have .u nco.v ered their canine tooth on the side' which- ever It Inight be, towards the offender. For we have seen that so1ne persons cannot voluntarily n1ake their IIAP. X. NEETIING AND DE.FI.ANCE. 253 eyebrows oblique, yet in. tantly act in thi" 1nanuer when affected Ly any real, althouo-h most trifiino- cause of 1 • 0 O' c 1stress. ~rhe power of voluntarily uncov rino- the canin~ o~ one side f the faee b ing thus often '~h lly lost, IndiCates that it i a rarely used and ahnost aLortive action. It i · indeed a surprising fact that man ~hould po~sess tho power, or should exhibit any teutlency to Its u e; for l\Ir. Sutton hns nov r notic c1 a snarling action in our nearest allies, namely, the 1nonkeys in the Zoological Gardens, and he is positive that the baboons, though furnished with great canines, never act thus, but uncover all th ir teeth when feeli11 0· b savage ancl ready for an attack. \Vhether the adnlt anthropomorphous apes, in the males of whom the canines are much larger than in the fe1nales, uncov r them when prepared to fight, is not known. The expression here considered, whether that of a playful sneer or ferocious snarl, is one of the Inost curious which occurs in man. It reveals his ani1nal descent; for no one, even if rolling on the ground in a deadly grapple with an enemy and attmnptino- to L' h' ' 5 1te 1m, 'vould try to use his canine teeth more than hi~ ?thor teeth. \Ve may readily believe from out· tdhu.Ity to the anthropomorphous apes that our 1uale ticnu-lnunan progenitors possessed great canine teeth, and men are now occasionally boru having thern of ~nusually !arge size, with interspaces in the opposite Ja.w for th~1r reccption.17 We may further suspect, notwtthstanding. that we have no support from anal gy, that our sem1-human progenitors uncov rod their canj1w teeth when prepared for battle as we still do when ~'eeling ferocious,. or when merel~ sueering at or defyIng some one, w1thout any intention of making a 1·eal attack with our teeth. 17 'The Descent of Man,' 1 71, vol. i. p. 12G. ' |