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Show 246 ANGEH. CHAP. X. human brain passes, in the course of its develop1nent, through the Aame Atages as those occurring in the lower v rtebrate animalA, and as the brain of an idiot iA in an arr stcd condition, we 1nay prestune that it " will n1ani" fe. t its Jnost prin1itive functions, and no higher " fun tions." Dr. Maudsley thinks that the same view 1nay be extended to the brain in its degenerated condition in some insane patients; and asks, whence come " the savage snarl, the destructive disposition, the " obscene language, the wild howl, the offensive habitR, " eli. played by so1ne of the insane? Why should a '' human being, deprived of his reason, ever become so " brutal in character, as son1e do, unless he has tho "brute nature within him?" 12 This question must, aA it would appear, be answered in tho affirmative. Anger, indignation.-These states of the 1nind differ from rago only in degree, and · there is no markea diAtinction in their characteristic signs. Under moderato anger the action of tho heart is a little increased, tho colonr heightened, and the eyes become bright. Tho 1·ospiration is likewise a little hurried; and as all tho 1nnsclos serving for this function act in association, the wings of the nostrils are somewhat raised to allow of a free indraught of air; and this is a highly characteristic sign of indignation. The mouth is comn1onl y compressed, and there is almost always a frown on the brow. Instead of the frantic gestures of extrmne rage, an indignant 1nan unconsciously throws himself into an attitude ready for attacking or striking his enemy, whom he will perhaps scan from head to foot in defiance. He carries his head erect, with his chest well expanded, and the feet planted firmly on the ground. He holds ]lis anns in various positions, with one or both C HAP. X. AN EU. ~47 elbows squared, or with th arms rigidly su. p ndecl by his sides. vVith EuropoanA the fi. tA are comnlonly clench d.13 The figures 1 ana 2 in I Into VI. ar fairly p:oocl representations of 1nen Rin1ulating indignation. Any ono may R e in a Inirror, if ho will vividly imao-in ~ 0 that he has boon in ultod and deJnands an cxplanati n in an angry tone of voice, that he ud lenly and un onsciously throw himself into some such attitude. Rage, anger, and indignation are exhibited in n arly the same manner throughout the world; and the foilowing descriptions may be worth giving as evidence of this, and as illustrations of some of the foregoing remarks. 'fhore is, however, an exception with re poet to clenchino· the fists, which seem. confined chiefly to the men wh~ fight with their fists. With the Australians only one of my informants has seen the fists clenched. All agrco about the body being held erect ; and all, with two exceptions, state that the brows are heavily contracted. Some of then1 allude to the firmly-compressed mouth, th distended nostrils, and flashing eyes. According to tho ltev. Mr. Taplin, rage, with the Australians, is ex pre .. od by th lips being protruded, the eyes beino- widely op n · d . h b ' an 1n t e case of the women by their dancinn· abont and casting dust into the air. Another ob. erve1~ speaks of the native men, when enraged, throwing their armA wildly about. I have received similar accounts, except as to th clenching of the fists, in regard to the Malays of the 1\Ialacca peninsula, the Abyssinians, an l the nativ of R nth Africa. So it is with tho Dakota Indianr; of t :J ~e Bt:un, in his well-known' Conference sur l'Bxpr ssion ' (' La Phy '1~nom1c, par Lavater,' edit. of 1820, vol. ix. p. 2G ), 1' marks thnt angor IS expr s cd by the clenching of the fist . . S , to the samo fti ·t, Iluschkc, 'Mimices et Physio!ruomice Fro!mlentum Physiolo()'i"nm 0 ' b • ,.., \. • 1. 2-l, p. 20. Also Rir . Bell,' Anntomy of Bxpr . ion.' p. 210. |