OCR Text |
Show CHAP. VI. \VEEPINO. 149 (corr?.tgato?'' supercilii) seem to be tho first muHcl s to eontract; and these draw the eyebrows downwards and inwar Is towards the base of the nose, causing vertical furrows, that is a frown, to appear between the eyebrows; at the same time they cause the disappearance of the transverse wrinkles across the forehead. The orbicular muscles contract almost simultaneously with the corrugators, and produee wrinkles all round the eyes; they appear, however, to be enabled to contract with greater force, as soon as the contraction of the eorrugators has given them some support. Lastly, the pyramidal muscles of the nose contract; and these draw the eyebrows and the skin of the forehead still lower down, producing short transverse wrinkles across the base of the nose.2 For the sake of brevity these n1nscles will generally be spoken of as the orbiculars, or as those surrounding the eyes. When these muscles are strongly contracted, those running to the upper lip 3 likewise contract and raise the upper lip. 1'his might have been expected from the manner in which at least one of them, the rnalaris, is eonnected with the orbiculars. Any one who will gradually contract the muscles round his eyes, will feel, as he increases the force, that his upper lip and the !.'! Henle (Handbuch d. Syst. Anat. 1858, B. i. s. 130) agrees with Duchenne that this is the eil'ect of the contraction of tho py1·amidaUs n a~;i. 3 rrhese consi~t of the levator labii superior·is almqne nasi, the levator lctbii propr'ius, the malaris, untl the zygomaticus min01·, or little zygomatic. This latter muscle runs parallel to and abovo the gl'eat zygo.matic, and is attached to the outer part of the upper lip. It is represented in fig. 2 (I. p. 24:), but not in figs. 1 and 3. Dr. Duchenne first showed ('Mecanisme de la Physionomie Humaine,' Album, 1862, p. 39) the importance of the contraction of this muscle in the shape assumed by the features in crying. Henle considers the above-named muscles (excepting the malar is) as subdivisions of tho quadratus labii fUperioriB. |