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Show 98 MEANB OF EXPRESSION CHAP. IV. erect their feathers. They open their beaks, ai:d make by paddling little rapid starts forwards, against any one wh o approac hes the wat r's edge . too closely. . T rop1·c bn' · ds 13 wh en di'sturbed on their ne.s ts are said not to fly away, but "merely to stick out "their feathers and scream." The Barn-owl, when ap- Fig. 12. Hen driving away a dog from her chickens. Drawn from life by Mr. Wood. proached "jnstantly swells out its pl~1mage, e~tends .its "wings and tail, hisses and clacks Its mandibles with ''force and rapidity.'' 14 So do other kinds of owls. Hawks as I am informed by Mr. Jenner Weir, likewi~e ruffie their feathers, and spread out their wings and ta1l 13 Phaeton rubricauda: 'Ibis,' vol. iii. 1861, .P· 180.. . , 14 On the St1·ix flammea, Audubon, ' OrmthologiCal Bwgra.p~1y, 1864, vol. ii. p. 407. I have observed other cases in the Zoologwa.l Gardens. HAP. J V. I~ ANIMALS. nnd r similar circun1 tances. Somo kinds of parrot rect their feather ; and I have s en thi. a tion in th CaAsowary, when ang red at th sight of au Ant at r. Y onng cuckoos in the n t, raise their :C ath rs, open their mouths widely, an l make themselv s as frightful as possible. Fig. 13. Swan drlvlng awny an intruder. Drnwn from life by 1\Tr. Wood. Small birds, also, as I hoar from Mr. W cir, su h as various finches, buntings and warbl rs, when angry, ruffio all their feathers, or only those round tho neck; or they spread out their wings and tail-feath rs. vVith their plumage in this state, they rush at eacll other with open beaks and threatening gestures. Mr. Weir concludes from his large experience that tho erection of tho feathers is can od much more by ang r than by fear. He gives as an instance a l1ybrid gold- H 2 |