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Show 362 AVES. The species of this division are numerous, and may be still more subdivided, according to the greater or less nudity of their tarsi, and f1·om the naked space found round the eyes of some of them.( I) Some have even caruncles, and other naked parts on the head. Such is the Col. auricou; Col. auricularis, Tern., 21. We can also separate some species with pointed tails.(2) But the best of all the divisions that have been made among the Pigeons, is that of, VINAoo, Cuv.-CoLUMBAns, Vaill.(s) Known by the bill, which is thicker, formed of a solid substance, and compressed on the sides; the tarsi are short, the feet wide and well bordered. They all feed on f1·uit, and inhabit forests. But few species are known, all of which are from the torrid zone of the east· ern continent.( 4) Some of them have a pointed tail.(5) O.jarnboo, Tern. 27 and 28;-C. violacea, Tem. 29;-C. rnelanocepluzla, En!. 214; Tem. 30;-C. larvata, Vaill . . Afr. 269; Tem. 31;-C. lwlosericea, Tern. 32;-C. Binica, Albin. III, 46;-C. viridis, Enl. 142;--0. e:rythroptera, Temm. 55;-C. my8· tacea, T. 56;-C. superba, T. 33;-C. tyrnpanistria, Vaill. 272, Tern. 36;-C. crerulea, T. 37;-C. afra, Enl. 160; Vaill. 271; Tem. 38 and 39;-0. Geoffroy, T. 57;-C. cinerea, T. 58, and the female, Col. 260;-C. bitorquata, T. 40;-C. vi?'Ultta, T. 41;-C. tigrina, Sonner., 102;-C. carnbayensis, Vaill. 270; T. 45;-C. maJa. barica, Col. brame, T.;-C. alba, Tern. 46;-C. squamosa, T. 59;-C. malaccensis, Mus. Carls. 67; Edw. 16; Tern. 47;-C. macroura, Enl. 329;-C. porphyrea, Tern. Col. 106;-C. dilopha, T. Col. 162;-C. magnifica, T. Col. 163;-C.locutrix, Pr. Max.; Col. 166;-C. leucomela, T. Col. 186;-C. scripta, T. Col. 187;-C. Dusau· mieri, T. Col. 188;-C. leucotis, T. Col. 189;-C. xantltura, Cuv.; Col. 190;-C. picturata, T. Col. 242;-C. sperspicillata, Col. 246;-C. luctuosa, Reinw.; Col. 247;-C. hyogastra, R; Col. 252;-C. monacl~a, R.; Col. 253;-C.ltumilis, T. Col. 258;-C. pinon, Quoy and Gaym., Voy. Freycin., 28;-C. pampusan, Ib. 30;-C. araucana, Less. and Garn. Voy. de Duperr. 40;-C. cyanovirens, lb.42;-C. ~. lb. 29. Add, Col. fasciata, Bonap. I, pl. lxxvii, f. 3;-Col. zenaida, Bonap. II, pl. xv, f. 2 • .!lm. Ed. (1) M. Swains. culls PTILINOPus those species which have feathered tarsi, such as the C. purpurata, T. Col. 34·, &c. (2) Col. migratoria, Enl. 176; Frisch, 142; Tern. 48 and 49;-Col. carolinensis, lb. 175; Tern. 50; Catesb. 24; Edw. 15;-Col. Reinwartii, Tem. Col. 248;-C. humeralis, lb. 191;-C. amboinensis, lb., 100;-C. lophotes, lb. 142;-0. venU81a, lb. 341, 1, or Col. strepitans, Spix, lxxv, 1;-Col. dominicensis, lb. 487; Tem. 51; -Col. capensis, Ib. 140, &c.; Vaill. 273, 274; Tern. 53, 54;-C. Maugei, Tem. 52;-Col. macquaria, Quoy and Gaym., Voy. de Freyc., 31. (3) Vinago, the Latin name of the C. renas-Vieill. has changed it into TBEROlf· ( 4) Col. abyssinica, or Wallia of Bruce, Vaill. 276, 277; Tern. 8 and 9;-Co/. australis, Enl. 3, Tern. 3;-Col. aromatica, Enl. 163; Tern. 57; Brown, Zool. Jll. 20;-Col. vernans, Enl. 158; Tem.10 and 11;-Col. militaris, Tem. 1 and 2;-~· psittacea, Tern. 4;-C. calva, Tern. 7;-C. olax, T. Col. 241;-C. Capellei, Ib.l ' {5) Col. oxyura, T. Col. 24.0. GRALLA TO RilE. 363 ORDER V. GRALLATORI..lE.-GRALLlE, Lin. The birds of this order derive their name from their ~abits, and from the conformation which causes them. They are known by the nudity of the lower part of their legs, and most generally by the height of their tarsi; two circumstances which enable them to enter the water to a certain depth without wetting their feathers ; to wade through it and seize fish by means of their neck and bill, the ~ength of which is usually proportioned to that of the legs. Those which are furnished with a strong bill, feed on fish and reptiles; while such as have a weak one, consume worms and insects. A very few feed partially on grain, and they alone live at a distance from rivers, &c. The external toe is most commonly united at its base with that of the middle one, by means of a short membrane ; sometimes there are two similar membranes, and at others they are entirely wanting, and the toes are completely separated; it sometimes also happens, though rarely, that they. are bordered all along, or palma ted to the very end; in fine, the thumb is deficient in several genera; circumstances, all of' which have an influence on their mode of life, which is more or less aquatic. Almost all these birds, t4e Ostriches and Cassowaries excepted, have long wings, and fly well ; during which action they extend their legs backwards, differing in this from all others, which fold them under the belly. In this order we establish five principal families, and some insulated genera. FAMILY I. BREVIPENNES. These birds, although similar in general to the other Grallatorire, differ from them greatly in one point-the shortness of the wings, which renders flight impossib]e. The b~ak |
