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Show 330 AVES. from the north-east of Europe, somewhat larger than the major and very similar to it; but the lower part of the back and rump are always white, and the calotte of the male red. It sometimes wanders as far as Germany. The species foreign to Europe are very numerous, and have a great mutual resemblance, which even extends to certain dis· tributions of colour; the red on the head for instance.(!) Thel'e are certain species of Woodpeckers called by Lacepede PwomEs, in which the external toe is wanting; having, consequent· ly, but two before, and one behind; but, in all other respects, they are similar to the common ones. There is one of them in the north and east of Europe. P.tridactylus;Edw. 114;Naum. 137. Intermediate, astosize, (1) Species analogous to the Black Woodpecker: P. pileatus, L. Enl. 718;P. lineatus, L. Enl. 717;-P. principalis, L. Enl. 690;-P. galeatus, Natter. Col. 171, four closely allied species, to one of which probably belongs the P. melarwleucos, Gm.; Lath. Syn. I, 2, t. xxv;-P. rubric()llis, Gm. Enl. 612;-P. robustu.l, Spi.x, 44;-P. albirostris, Id. 45;-P. validus, T. Col. 378, and the female, 402;-P. erytltrocephalus, L. En1.117;-P. pulvcrulentus, T. Col. 389;-P. concretus, Reinw. Col. 90;-P. cltilensis, Voy. de la Coq. 32;-P. torquatus, Wils. Am. III, xx, 3;-P. dominicanus, Spi.x, 50. Species analogous to the Green Woodpecker: P. percussus, T. Col. 390and 424, the female;-P. bengalr:nsis, L. Enl. 695, of which P. aurantius, Gm. Briss. IV, pl. vi, f. 1, is probably a mere variety;-P. goensis, Gm. Enl. 696;-P. auru· lentus, Illig. Col. 59, fig. 1, Ol' macrocephalus, Spix, 53, 2;-P. puniceus, Horsf. Col. 423;-P. mentalis, Col. 384;-P. ceylonus, N. Nat. Forsch. 14, pl. 1;-P. goertan, Gm. Enl. 320;-P. manillensis, Gm.; Sonner. pl. .xx.xvi;-P. senega/ttW, Gm. Enl. 345, f. 2;-P. passerinus, Gm.; Briss. IV, t. iv, f. 2;-P. luzonicus, Nob. Sonn. pl. xx.xvii;-P. miniatus, Gm. Ind. Zool. t. VI;-P. cltlorocephalus, Gm. Enl. 784;-P. exalbidus, Gm. Enl. 509;-P. cinnamomeus, Gm. Enl. 524;-P.paJ. alaca, Nob. Enl. 691;-P. jumana, Spix, pochraceus andjlavicans, Id. 51. Species analogous to the Spotted Woodpeckers: P. rubriventris, Vieill. Ga]. 27;-P. hirundinaceus, L. Enl. 694;-P. varius, Gm. Enl. 785;-P. vil/osw, Gm. Enl. 754; Wils. I, i.x, 3;-P. undosus, N. Enl. 533;-P. pubescens, Gm. Catesb. 31, 11; Wils. I, i.x, 4. Species with a transversely striped beak: P. moluccensis, Gm. Enl. 748,f.2;P. bicolor, lb. f. 1;-P. rufus, Gm. Enl. 694, f. 1, closely allied to the P. undatt~~, Gm.; Edw. 332;-P. carolinus, Gm. Enl. 597 and 692;-P. cayennensia, Gm.Enl 613;-P. melanocltloris, Gm. Enl. 719;-P. striatus, Gm. Enl. 281 and 614;-P· superciliaris, T. Col. 443;-P. jlavescens, Gm.; Brown, II, pl . .xii, and Spix, 49;~ P. cardinalis, Sonn., pl. xxxv;-P. querulus, Wils., Am. IT, xv, 1;-P. campeslrll, Spix, 46;-P. macei, T. Col. 59, 2. We should observe, that these distinctions of analogy, particularly when taken from colours, are but of little importance, and that it is very possible that among the above species, several may pe found to constitute but one. N.D. The Picus auratus has become the genus CoLA.l'T:Es of Swainson. SCANSORilE. 331 between the Great and Little Spotted Woodpecker; black, spotted with white above; calotte of the male orange; that of the fe~ male, white. We might also make a subgenus of those species whose slightly arcuated beak begins to approach the Cuckoos. ( 1) One of them always seeks its food on the ground, although its tail is similar to the others.(2) YuNx., Linn.(3) The Wrynecks have the protractile tongue of the Woodpeckers, which is also moved by the same kind of mechanism, but the spines are wanting; their straight and pointed beak is nearly round, and without any angles; the quills of their tail are like those of birds in general. Their mode of life is that of the Woodpeckers, except that they climb but seldom. There is one of them in Europe. Y. torquilla, L.; Enl. 698; Naum. 138. (The Common Wryneck.) The size of a Lark; brown above, prettily vermiculated with small blackish waves, and longitudinal fawn colou.red and black streaks; whitish, transversely striped with black beneath. It derives its name from its singular habit, when surprised, of twisting its head and neck in opposite directions. The PxoUMNI, Temm. can scarcely be said to differ from the Wrynecks, except in their very short tail. They are very small birds,( 4) some of which have but three toes like the Picoldes.( 5) CucuLus, Lin.(6) The Cuckoos have a middling, well cleft, compressed, and slightly arcuated beak; the tail, long. They live on insects, and are birds passage. We subdivide this numerous genus as follows: (1) Such as the Picus auratus ( Cuculus auratm of the lOth Ed.) En]. 695 and Wils. I, iii;-Picua cafer, Lath. or promeipic, Vaill. Prom. 32;-P. poiciloplta3, T. Col. 198, f. 1. (2) Ficus arator, Nob., Vaill. Afr. pl. cclv and cclvi. The only additional abstraction that we make from the genus Picus, is the P. minutus, Lath. ( Yunx minutissimus, Gm. Enl. 786, 1; Vieill. Gal. 28), which in fact is a Wry-neck. (3) Xu:tu, the Gt·eek name of this bird, TonQ.UILLA. the Latin one. (4) P. minule, T. (Yunx minutissima) Gm. Enl. 786, 1;-P. a toupet (PicumfiU8cirrhatus, T.) Col. 371, 1; Vieill. Gal. 28;-P. mignon (P. exilis, T.); Col. 571,2. (5) P. abnormis, T., Col. 371, 3. (6) Ko~ex.u~, cuculus, cuckoo, expresses the cry of the European species. |
