OCR Text |
Show 254 AVES. the points of which latter diminish, and become weak, according to the species so gradually, that it is impossible to fix a limit between this subgenus and the Thrushes.( 1) There are other Shrikes, whose superior mandible is straight, and only hooked at the tip. Their form passes by insensible gradations to that of the Fauvets and other Motacillc:e.(2) (1) The species with the strongest beaks are, for instance: the Cape.Shrike, (Lan. collaris, Gm.); Enl. 477, 1; Vaill. Afric. pl. lxi, lxii.-The Boubou, Vaill. 68 (Lan. boulboul, Sh.).-The Brubru, Vaill. 71 (Lan. capensis, Sh.).-La Petite Pie.gr. de Madag. (Lan. madagascariensis, Gm.) Enl. 299.-La Petite Pie.gr. bleue (Lan. bicolor, Gm. ); Enl. 298.-La Pie.gr. de/a Louisiane, (Lan. americanw,) Enl. 397.-The Sourciroux, Vaill. 76, 2, or the Tangara verderoux of Buff. (Tana. gra guianensis, Gm.).-The Blacft.Headed Shrike of the Sandwich Islands, (Lan. melanocephalus, Gm.) Lath. Syn. I, 165 .-La Pie·gr. d queue pointue, (Lan. pyrr· honotos,) Vieill. Gal. 135. The genus LANro of Vieill. is founded on an arcuate. beaked Shrike; the edges of whose upper mandible are somewhat angular. It is the Tangara mrmlfJ1'e of Buff. Enl. 809, 2 (Lan. atricapilla, Gm.). Among those species most nearly allied to the Thrushes, we may admit the Mw· cicapa tamnopltiloides, Spix, 26, 1.-L'Oliva of Vaill. 75 and 76, 1 (Lan. oliva· ceus, Sh.).-The Gonolec, (Lan. barbarus, Gm.); Enl. 56, Vaill. 169.-The Lan. gutturalls, Daud. Ann. Mus. III, 144, pl. xv; or the Pie·gr. Perrin. Vaill.286.Le Merle a plastron noir (Turd us zeilonus; Gm.); Enl. or the Bacbakiri, V aill. 67 (Lan. bacbakiri, Sh.).-La Cravatte blanclte, Vaill. 115 (Motac. dubia, Sh.).-The Turdus crassirostris, Gm.; Lath. Syn. II, 34, which is the same as the Tanagra capensis, Sparm. Carls. pl. :x.lv, and several others quite as equivocal. It is from this subdivision, with weak bills, that Vieill. has established his genus Laniariw, Galer. 143. His Vireo only differs from it in the beak being a little shorter and more slender, Vir. flavifrons, Vieill. Am. 54, or Muscic. sylvicola, Wils., I, vii, 3.-V. musitus, Vieill. 52, or Music. cantatrix, Wils. II, xviii, 6, or Music. noveboracensis, Gm.JT. olivaceus, Ch. Bonap., or Muscic. oliv. Wils. II, xii, 3, or tamnopltilua agilil, .Spix, 34, 1.-V.gilvus, Ch. Bonap., or Muse. melodia, Wils. V, xlii, 2. They lead us almost directly to the true Fauvets. (2) Le Blanclwt, Vaill. Afr. 285, (Lan. icterus, Cuv .) or Thamnophilus, Vieill. Ga· ler 139.-The Grand battara, Azz. or Thamnopltilus magnus, Pr. Max. or Th. albi· venter, Spix, 32.-The tchagra, Vaill. 70, (Lan. senegalensis, Spix, Lan. collurio melanocephalus, Gm.) Enl. 479, 1 and 279, 1.-The Fourmillier ltuppe, Buff. (Tu7"' dus cirrltatus, Gm.) The Pie-gr. d ltuppe rousse d' .flmerique, (Lan. canadensis, Gm.) E~l. 479, 2, is the female.-The Tacltet, Vaill. 77, (Lan. punctatus, Sh.).-The Pte-gr. rayee de Cayenne (Lan. doliatus) Enl. 297, 2, or radiatus, Spix, 35, 2.-The Pie.gr. bridee, (Lan. virgatus, Tern.) Col. 256, 1.-The Pie.gr. masqu.ee, (Lan. per· so~atua, Id. or Lan. nubicus, Licht.) Col. 256, 2.-The Thamnophilua lineatUI, SplX, 33.-Th. etrigilatus, Id. 36, 2.-Th. melanoceplt. Id. 39, 1.-Tlt. Zeuconolol, lb. 2. Th.e Pie-gr. rousse de Madag. (Lan. rufus, Gm.) Enl. 298. . It lS also. amo1!g these straight beaked Shrikes that must be placed the Gecu longup., Vaill. 42, (Lan. galericulatus, Cuv.), but it leads to the Vanga. PASSERINJE. 255 In some of these straight-beaked Shrikes, that organ is very t t . I d'bl 5 and 1ts ower man 1 e much inflated. ( 1) ou' O~hers, whose beak is straight and slender, are remarkable for vertical tufts of feathers.(2) ~rou~d these Shrikes, properly so called, some other subgenera, wh1ch d1ffer from them more or less form natural grou s h h ' ps. . uc ~ret e VANGA, Buff. . Which have a large beak, very much compressed throughout, its tip much hooked, and that of the inferior mandible bent downwards.( 3) OoYPTERus, Cuv.( 4) The beak, conical, rounded, without a ridge, slightly arcuated t?wards the end, with a very fine point slightly notched on each Slde; the feet rather short, and the wings as long as the taiJ and longer; from which circumstance their flight is rendered simi~r to that of the Swallow; but they have the courage of the Shrikes, and do not fear to attack even the Crow. ( 5) Numerous species inhabit the coast and islands of tlie Indian I also place here that bird which has been so bandied about by naturalists the Merle de Mindanao of Buff. Enl. 627, Turdus mindanensis, Lath and Gm.' the $ame as their Gracula saularis, Little Pie of the It~dies, or Dial-bird, Albin. III, 17 and 18, Edw. 181, Vaill. Afr. 109 (Sturnus solaria, Daud. )-and even the Terat houlan (Turdus. orientalis), Enl. 273, II, might be approximated to it, but is also very closely alhed to the Turdoides. ~he genus TrrAMNOPHILus or Battara of Vieillot is formed by one of these stratght beaked Shrikes, but is so badly determined that other authors have referred to it, Vireos, &c . (~) Lanius lineatus, Leach, Zool. Miscell. pl. vi.-Tltamnopltilus gttitatres, Sptx, 35. (2) The Geoffroy, Vaill. Afr. 80 and 81, and Vieill. Gal. 142 (Lan. plumatus Sh.) ofwh' h y· · · ' ' • 1c letll. has made his genus PnroNoPs, or BfJgadais, Galer. 142 and the M_anu:up. Buff. Enl. 707(Pipra albifrons,Gm.}, which has nothing more in common With the p·I pra tl1 a.n a somewhat unusual prolongati.o n of the um. on between the t7 )xternal toes. Vieill. has made his genus PITIIYS, Galer. 129, from it. V: ~The Vanga, Enl. 228, (Lan. curvirostris, Gm.) and new species, such as the .' tr'ltcteur, Cuv. Col. 273.-The V. stri8ltuppe, Voy. de Freyc. pl. xviii nnd 11~' or T!tamnophilus Vigorsii, Zool. Journ. Supp. VII and VIII. 4 ) Ocyptertes or oxypterus-rapid wings, pointed wings-the Greek name of an dunk~own bird, very applicable to these. It is ft•om this genus that Vie ill. has ma e hts ARTAllrus. (5) Sonnerat, Pr. Voy. p. 56. |