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Show 264 AVES. , There 1· s ano ther species in America e.x tremely similar. , but rather sma1 1 er, .o.m:pelis oC Y'arru.l us, b. , Lm. .; • .!J.mp • .B.mencana, W !. Is. I , v·u ·, 1,• Bombycilla carolmens~s, W lls., Bomb. cedrorum, Vieill., Gal. 118; Vaill., Ois. de Par., I, pl. 50. There is also one in Japan, B. phrenicoptera, Te~.; Col. 450, which has no appendages to the wings, and the tips of whose tail and little wing-coverts are red. . Hofmansegg and Illiger, with equal propnety, separate from the Crown-Birds, PRoCNIAs, Hofman. The commissure of whose beak, which is. weaker. and more de-presse d , ext en d s u nder the eye • They inhab1t Amer1ca and feed on Insects. • We may subdivide them still more. . . The PRoCNIAS, properly so called, have the throat furmshed wrth feathers. One species, .!J.mpelis carunculata, Gm., Enl. 793, is distin-guished by a long, soft caruncle on t.he base of. the beak. In the perfect state it is white, at other hmes green.lsh .. TheAvERANos (CAsMARHYNOHos, Tern.) are Procmre w1th a naked throat. . In one species, the naked portion of the male's throat rs co· vered with fleshy caruncles. It is the .O.verano of Buff. IV, P· 457; .B.mp. variegata, Lin.; Col. 51. Another, Procn. araponga, Pr. Max. Col. 368, and 383,, ~r Casmar ecarunculatus, Spix, 4, only has some very small, thm_y scattered feathers in that place. These b1· rds are wh '1 te m· therr perfect state; the young male and the female are greenish. Finally, directly after the Crown-Birds, should come GYMNODERus, Geoff. Where the beak is but very little stronger; but the neck is par~ly naked , and the head covered with velvet feathers. The spe.c resf known is also from South America. It is mostly frugivorous, 15 0 the sr. ze of a P1. geon, bl ack, w.r th bl ur. s h w.m gs; 1. t 1. s tll e Gracula nu· dicollis, Sh.; the Corvus nudus and the Gracula fetida, Gm. En1· 609.(1) ( l) The species of Vaill., Ois. de 1' Ameriq. et des Indes, p 1· x1 v , and xlvi, is perhaps different. . Co· N.B. Vieillot unites Graculus, Gymnode1·us and Cephalopterus, in his genus RACINA. , PASSERINJE. 265 EnoLius, Cuv.(l) Belongs also to the great series of the Flycatchers; the beak is depressed and emarginate at the end; its upper ridge is acute; but what distinguishes it is, that both mandibles are slightly arcuated throughout their length; the nostrils are covered with feathers, and there are, besides, long hairs forming mustachios. The species are numerous in the countries bordering on the Indian Ocean. They are generally of a black hue, have a forked tail, and live on insects; some of them, it is said, sing as sweetly as the Nightingale.(2) PHIBALURA, Vieill. The ridge of the beak arcuated as in Edolius, but the beak itself is one half shorter than the head. The species known, (Ph. jlavirostria,) Vieill. Gal. 7 4; Tern .. Col. 118; Ph. criatata, Goains. Zool. III. pl. 31, is from Brazil. The tail is much forked; the plumage is spotted with black and yellow; the feathers of the head with red, recalling to our minds certain Tyrants and Flycatchers. TANAGRA, Lin. The Tanagers have a conical beak, triangular at base, slightly arcnated at its ridge, emarginate near the end; wings and flight short. They resemble the Finches in habits, and feed on grain as well as on berries and insects. The greater number are remarkable for their bright colours. We subdivide them as follows.(3) (1) Vieillot has preferred the name of Dxcnunus. (2) Species. Lanius forficatus, Gm., En1. 189, Vaill. Afr. IV, 166 and Vieill. Gal.l41.-Lanius malabaricus, Shaw, Vaill. IV, 175, Sonnerat, Voy. aux Indes et a laChine, pl. xcvii, which is also the Cuculus paradiseus, Briss. IV, pl. xiv, A. 1. -LaniUB CIB/'uleacens, Gm., Edw. pl. :xlvi, Vaill. Afr., lV1 172.-Corvua balicasaim, Grn., En!. 603.-The Droogolon, Vaill. IV, 171.-The Droogo bronze, Id. 176, and several new species. £ N. B. The Bee-defer, Vaill. Afric., 79, from which Illiger has made his genus ~aractea, and which is copied, Vieill. Gal., pl. cxxxi, having been examined by Tem · k · mmc ' 1s found to be a Pogonias, to which other feet had been added, to-gethe~ with a crest. This was done by a dealer, in joke, to impose upon the late M. Raie de Breukelewaerd, a rich Dutch amateur. ( 3 llldoJlf'po r thri s genu.s .a .n.. d. those of Pi'~'~ra and Todua, see the work of M. Desmarest 'I' au me de'Courcelles, now Madame-Knip. VoL. I.-2 I " · ..,, ~~ :~{; :~. |