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Show 356 AVES. lour and brown; the two middle quills of the tail much elongated and terminating in a point; throat of the male, black. Found in the south of France, and all round the Mediterranean.( I) PERDIX, Briss. Partridges have the tarsi naked like the toes. Among them the FRANOOLINus, Tern. Is distinguished by a longer and stronger beak; a larger tail, and, generally speaking, by stout spurs. The south of Europe produces one, Tetrao francolinus, L.(2) Enl. · 147, 148; Edw. 246. With red feet; neck and belly of the male, black, with round white spots; a bright red collar.(3) Some of these birds foreign to Europe are remarkable for a double spur,( 4) or for the naked skin of their throat.(s) In others these characters are united,(6) and in certain large beak· ed species the spurs are altogether wanting.(7) The CoMMON PARTRIDGES Have a somewhat weaker beak; the spurs of th~ males are either short, or mere simple tubercles; they are deficient in the female. (1) Add of those species which have filaments to the tail, Tetr. senegalua, or Pterocles guttatus, Tern., Enl. 130, and the female 345;-Pterocles ~stw, Tern. Col., 354 and 360:-0fthose whose tail is simply pointed, Tetr. arenarius, Pall., Nov. Com. Petrop., XIX, pl. viii, or Pterocles arenarius, Col. 52 and 53, the same as the Perdix arragonica, Lath.;-Pterocles Lichtensteinii, T. Col. 355 and 361. The male 355 is at all events closely allied to the Tetr. indicus, Lath.; Sonner. II, 96;-Pterocles coronatus, Tern. Col. 3 ~>9 and 340;-Pteroclf'.s quadritinctus, Tem. or Oenas bicinctus, Vieill. Galer. 220;-finally the largest species, the Tetr. faaiantl· lus, Gm. or Long-tailed Gelinotte of Hudson's Day, Edw. 117. . (2) Francolino, the name of the blind made for the purpose of killing the bJ~ whose appellation it bears, is applied in Italy to several species, such as the Geli· notte and this one. (3) Add the Tetrao ponticerianus, Sonner. Voy. li, 11, 165, Tern. Col. 213;perlatus, Briss., pl. :xxviii, A, fig. 1; Vieill. Galer. 213; the same as the mailagruca· riensis, Sonn. II, 166, pl. xcvii. (4 ) Tetrao bicalcaratus, L., Enl. 137;-Perdix Clappertoni, Rupp., pl. ix, ~ hardly be said to differ from it;-spadiceus, Sonn. II, 169;-zeilonensis, Ind. Zoo· pl. xiv.-The Perdix cruenta, Tern. Col. 322, has three and even four spurs, and bright colours foreign to the rest of the genus. (5) Tetrao rubicollis, Enl. 180. ( 6) Tetrao nudicollis. (7) Tetrao javanicus, Brown, Ill., xvii, (a bad figure); there is a better one, Col. 148, under the name of Pedriz ajanham, Temm. GALLINACElE. 357 Fetrao cinereua, L.; EnJ. 27; Frisch, 114; Naum. 1st Ed. pl. 3, f. 3. (The Grey Partridge.) Beak and feet ash coloured; head fawn coloured; the plumage of various shades of grey; a maronne spot on the breast of the male. This common bird, which constitutes so important an item in the luxuries of the tables of Europeans, lives and builds in their' fields. Tetr. rufus, L.; Enl. 150. (The Red Partridge.) Beak and feet red; brown above; flanks speckled with red and cinereous; throat white, surrounded with black; prefers the hills and rising grounds. The flesh is white and dry. The south of France produces Perdix grreca, Briss.; Per. saxatilis, Meyer; La Bartavelle, Enl. 231; Frisch. 116. Which only differs from the Red Partridge in its superior size and more ash coloured plumage. It is found along the great mountain ranges.( 1) CoTURNrx. Quails are smaller than Partridges, with a slenderer beak and shorter tail; no red eye-brow nor spurs. Every one knows Tetrao coturnix, L.; Enl. 170; Frisch, 117; N a urn. 4, f. 4. (The Common Quail.) Back brown, waved with black; a pointed white stripe on each feather; throat brown, eyebrows whitish· . ' Found m the fields of Europe, and celebrated for its migrations; during which this heavy bird finds means to cross the Mediterranean.( 2) The PARTIUDGES AND QuAILS of AMERICA ' Have a stouter, shorter, and more convex beak; the tail is somewhat larger.(3) They perch on bushes, and, when disturbed, even on trees. Several of them migrate like the Quails of Europe. (1) Add the Red Partridge of Barbary, a very distinct species, (Tetr. petroma. Gm.) Edw., 70;-the Perdrix de montaigne, ( 1.'etrao montanus), Enl. 136, Frisch. 114,B, is only, according to nonnelli, a variety of the Grey Partridge;-the Perdri~ dt haye, Tern. Col. 328 and 329;-Perd. personata, Horsf. "Jav.;-Perd. a gorge I'OUI8t (Perd. gttlaris, T. );-Perd. oculea, Id. ;-Perd.fusca, Vieill. Gal. 212. (2) Add the petite Caille de la Cldne ( Tetr. chinensis, L. ), Enl. 126, F, 2, of which the Tetr. manillensis, Gm., Sonner. Voy. I, pl. xxiv, is the female;-the Caille auatrale (Perd. australis, T.), Vieill., Galer. 215;-the Caille nattee (Perd. lt:tili8, Ternm.), Col. 35;-the Tetr. coromandelicus, Sonner. II, 172;-T. striatus, Sonner., n, pl. xcxviii, and Temrn. Col. 82, very different from that ofLa.th. Syn. U, pl.lxvi;-the Pedrix de gingi ( Tetr. gingicus), Sonner. II, p. 167, also appears to belong to this subgenus. p (S) .Among the species, the size of the Partridge, we may remark the Tocro, or ~ de la Guiane, Buff. ( Tetr. guyanenaia, Gm.) or Perd. clentata, Tern. or |