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Show 404 AVES. HELIORNis, Bonnat.-PonoA, Illig.-GREBIFouu~uEs, Buff. The feet lobulate as in the Coots and Grebes, but the tail more developed than in either of the two; the nails also are sharper.(!) [See .!J.pp. XXVI of .11m. Ed. J MERGus, Briss.(2)-CoLYMBus, Lath.-EunYTEs, Illig. The true Divers have the feet of ordinary .. Palmi pedes, along with all the forms of the Grebes, that is, the anterior toes are united to their ends by membranes, and are terminated by pointed nails. They are northern birds, which rarely breed in France, whe1•e they arrive in winter, at which season is occasionally seen on the coast, Col. glacialis, L., Eul. 952; Col. immer, Gm., Wils. Am. IX, Ixxiv, 3; Naum. 66, f. 103. (The Great Northern Diver.) The adult is two feet six inches in length, its head and neck black, changing to a green with a whitish collar; back, a black· ish brown dottecf. with whitish; white beneath; the lower man· dible, which has i~ slight curve upwards, is marked by a groove beneath. The you~g birds, Col. immer, Gm., Briss., VI, x, I, which more frequently visit the fresh waters, differ considerably as to the extent of the black on the neck, and of the g1·ey or brown on the back, which, added to their diminished size, has occasioned a multiplication of the number of species. We dis· tinguish '. Col. arct·icus, L., Edw.'' 146; Naum. Supp. 30, f. 60; and the young, Enl. 914 (The B' .~ck-throated Diver), which is some· what smaller; the back of the neck ash-coloured, and the lower mandible straight and without a groove. The young resemble those of the preceding. Col. septentrionalis, Enl. 308; Edw. 97; Naum. 67, f. 94; Vieill. Gal. 282; Col. stellatus, Gm.; Buff. VIII, xxi; Enl. 992, Naum. Supp. 31, f. 62. (The Red-throated Diver.) The adult male is brown above, white beneath; face and sides of the neck ash-co· loured; front of the neck red. The female and the young are brown dotted with white above, and all white beneath. belleajoues (Pod. kalipareus, Less. and Garn.), Voy. de la Coq., Zool. No. 45;-th~ Gr. Rolland (Pod. Rollandi), Quoy and Gaym., Voy. de Freycin., Zool., pl. XXXVI. (1) Plotua surinamensis, Gmel., Enl. 893;-Heliornis senegalensis, Vieill. Gal. 280. M. Ch. Bonap. as well as Gmelin, thinks that this genus should be appro:t· imated to that of .!lnltinga. . (2) Mergus (diver), th~ Latin name of some sea-bird difficult to determine. Lm· noeus, following Gesner, has applied it to the Merganser. Eudytes, a Greek word composed by Illiger, has the same meaning. P ALMIPEDES, 405 U RIA, Briss. et Illig.( 1) The Guillemots have a bill, which, though of the general form of the preceding,. i s c.o vered with feathers down to the nostrils'· there is also an emargmatlon at the point which is somewhat arcuated. Their chief character, however, consists in the absence of the thumb. Their wings, much shorter than those of the divers, scarcely enable them to flutter. They feed on fish, crabs, &c. and are found among rocky precipices when they breed. The large spec.ies called the Great Guillemot, Colymbus troile, L., Enl. 903; Brit. Zool., pl. H; Edw. 359, 1; Frisch, 185, is the size of a Duck, the head and neck brown, hack and wings blackish, and a white belly; there is a white line upon the wing formed by the tips of the secondary quills. It inhabits the extreme North, although it breeds on the rocky coasts of England and Scotland. In very hard winters it is seen on those of France. There is a smaller species which is black, with the upper part of the wing white, Col. Grylle, L.; Vieill. Gal. 294; Choris., Voy. aut. du M., Isles Aleut., pl. xxii, sometimes mottled throughout with white, C. marmoratus, Frisch, Suppl. B., pl. 185, Edw. 50 and Penn., Arct. Zool., II, xxii, 2. Individuals are sometimes seen, all white, C. lacteolus, Pall.(2) We may also separate from the Guillemots the CEPHus,(3) Vulgarly called Greenland Divers, which have a shorter bill with amore arcuated back, but without any emargination. The symphysia of the lower mandible is extremely short. Their wings are larger, and the membranes of their feet well indented. The species most known, called the Little Guillemot or Greenland Dove, Colymbus minor, Gm.; Enl. 917; Mergulus .!llle, Vieill. Gal. 295; Brit. Zool. pl. H, 4, f. I; Edw. 91; Naum. Ed. I, 65, f. 102, is the size of a large Pigeon, black above, (1) Uria, the Greek, or rather Latin name of an aquatic bird which appears to have been either a Diver or a Grebe. Guillemot, the English name, would seem toindicate ita stupidity. ~2) .Add the G. a grosbec ( Uria Brunnichii, Sabine), Choris, Voy. aut. du M. P!· 'Ill;-Urialacrymans, Lapil., Ib., XXIII-consult the article inserted there on th1s genus by M. Valenciennes. (3) Oephua, the name of some sea bird often mentioned by the Greek writers, Which appears to have been a species of l1etrel or Gull. Ma:hring, and subs~quentJy Pallas, applied it to the Divers and Guillemots. Vieillot has changed 1t M'ergulua, Gal. 295. |
