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Show 424 AVES. White; a fawn-coloured spot on the cheek and side of the neck; breast, back, tail, and part of the wing black. Of all the European Ducks, this has the shortest bill. Its trachea, ossified near the root, has on one side five square membranous spaces resembling so many panes of glass, above which it is inflated into an osseous capsule. JJ.n. histrionica, L.; Enl. 798; Wils. VIII, Ixxii, 4; Edw. 99; Naum. I, c. 52, f. 77; and the female, .!ln. minuta, 799; Edw. 197. (The Harlequin Duck.) Ash-coloured; the male fantasti· cally streaked with white; eyebrows and flanks red. Each of the preceding species is occasionally seen in Prance, but at very long intervals. Then comes the common species with a round or square tail. JJ.n. clangula, L.; Le Garrot, Enl. 802; the young, .!J.n. glau· cion, L.(1) Frisch, 181, 182; Naum. I, c. 55, f. 81, 82; Wils. VIII, lxvii, 6. (The Golden-eye.) White; head, back, and tail, black; a small spot before the eye and two bands on the wing, white; the bill blackish. The female is ash-coloured with a brown head. The middle of the trachea is considerably dilated, the two arches of the sac, however, preserving their flexibility. It becomes singularly widened near the bifurcation.(2) SoMATERIA, Leach. The Eiders have a bill longer than that of the preceding sub· genus, and ascending more on the forehead where it is emarginated by an angle of feathers, but still narrower before than at base . .!i.n. molissima; L' Eider, Enl. 20 8, 20 9, the adults of both sexes, Mus. Carls. 39; the three year old young male, Edw. 98; Wils. VIII, xci, 2, 3; Naum. 64, f. 79, 80. (The Eider Duck.) Whitish; calotte, belly and tail, black; the female grey, speckled with brown. Celebrated for furnishing us with that valuable article called eider down. ( 3) After all these distinctions there remains the FuLIGULA, Leach, Whose beak is broad and flat, but presents no other pt>culiarity. Several species are found in France, in all of which the trachea ter· (1) Glaucion, the Greek name of a Duck, so called on accoul?t ofthe colour of its eyes. (2) Add An. albeola, Enl. 948, the same as .O.n. bucephala, Catesb., I, 95;-An. brachyptera, Voy. de Freycin. pl. x.xxix. {S) Add .O.n. spectabilis, Sparm. Mus. Carls., II, pl. x.xxvi; Edw. 154; Naum. 40, f. 58, 59. P ALMIPEDES. 425 minates in nearly similar inflations, forming on the left a partially membranous capsule, supported by a frame and ramifications of bone. JJ.n. ferina, L.; /1. rufa, Gm.; Millouin commun, En!. 803; N aum. I, c. 58, f. 87, 88; Wils. VIII, xc, 6. (The Red-head.) Ash-coloured, finely striated with blackish; head and top of the neck red; lower part of the neck and the breast brown; the bill a light lead-colour. Sometimes breeds among the reeds in the ponds of France. Its trachea is of an equal diameter. JJ.n. rufina, L.; Mill. hupp~, Enl. 928; Naum. I, c. 32, f. 63, 64. (The Pochard Duck.) Black; the back brown; some white on the wing and flank; the head red, the feathers on its summit turned up into a tuft; red bill. From the borders of the Caspian sea, and occasionally driven by the winds as far as l<'rance. There are two successive inflations of its trachea, besides the capsule of the bifurcation. JJ.n. marila, L., Enl. 1002; Brit. Zool. 2; Wils. VIII, Ixix, 3; Naum. 59, f. 90; th~ female, .!lN.framata, Mus. Cads. 38; Naum. 59, f. 90, B. (The Scaup Duck.) Ash-coloured, striated with black; head and neck black, changing to green; black rump aud tail; the belly and spots on the wing white; the bill lead· coloured; found in small flocks in France during the winter, but is from the remote parts of Siberia. Its trachea is very wide at the commencement, and then narrow. Jin. nyroca, Gm.; Jl. leucophtalmos, Bechst.; the female, .11.. africana, Gm.; Le Petit Millouin, Enl. 1000; Naum. I, c. 39, f. 89. Brown; head and neck red; a white spot on the wing; belly whitish; a brown collar on the bottom of the male's neck. Breeds in the north of Germany, and is rarely seen in France. Its trachea is vet·y much inflated about the middle. Jln.fuligula, L.; Le Morillon, Enl. 1001; Frisch, 171; Naum. I, c. 56, f. 83, 84; Wils. VIII, lxvii, 5; the young, Enl. 1007; .!J.n. scandiaca, Frisch, VI, xxxvi, 1, 2. (The Tufted Duck.) Black; the feathers of the occiput lengthened out into a tuft; the belly and a spot on the wing white; bill lead-coloured. Found in France every winter, where it proceeds from the North. (I) The DuoKs of the second division,(2) whose thumb is not border· ed with a membrane, have a more slender head, narrower feet, (1) Add of species foreign to Europe: .O.n. spinosa, Enl. 967, 968;-An. Stelleri, Pall. Spic., VI, pl. v;-.O.n. labradora, Wils. VII, 1xix, 6;-J.J_n. va~isneria, .JIJ. LXX, 5;-Jln. rubida, lb. LXXI, 5, 6, of which, on account of tts powted t:ul, M. Ch. Bonap. makes his genus Oxnn tA. (2) It is to this second division that M. Ch. llonap. pat·ticularly applies the name of AN.&s. VoL. I.-3D |