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Show 58 MAMMALIA. that the Ourang-Outang inhabits the most eastern countries only such as Malabar, Cochin China, and particularly the great isla;d of Borneo,. whence he has been occasionally brought to Europe by the way of Java. When young, and such as heappears to us in his captivity, he' is a mild and gentle animal, easily rendered tame and affectionate, which is enabled by his conformation to imitate many of our actions, but whose intelligence does not appear to be as great as is r~ported, n(l)t muth surpassing even that of the Dog. Camper dtscovered, and has well described two membranous sacs in this animal which communicate with the glottis, that produce a hoarseness of his voice -he was mistaken, however, in imagining that the nails are always wanting on his hinder thumbs. There is a monkey in Borneo, hitherto known only by his skeleton, called the Pongo,( 1) which so closely resembles the Ourang-Outang in the proportions of all his parts, and by the arrangement of the foramina, and sutures of the head, that, notwithstanding the great prominence of the muzzle, the smallness of the cranium, and the height of the branches of the lower jaw, we are tempted to consider him an adult-if not of the species of the Ourang-Outang, at least of one very nearly allied to it. The length of the arms, that of the apophyses of the cervical vertebr;e, and the tuberosity of his calcaneum, may enable him to assume the vertical position, and walk upon two feet. He is. the largest monkey known, and in size is nearly equal to Man. Mr J. Harwood, in the Trans. Lin. Soc. XV,. p. 471, describes the feet of an ourang, fifteen English inches in length. This announces a very great stature in the animal to which they belonged, and would have led him to the belief that the Pongo is the adult Ourang-Outang, were i·t not that the skeleton of the Pongo. in the College of Surgeons, at London, has one lumbar vertebra m()re than those of the Ourangs. This, (1) Audeb. Singes, pt anat. 2. 'Fhi& name of Pongo, a corruption of Boggo, which is given in Africa to the Ohimpanac, or to the Mandrill, was applied by Buffon to a pretended large species of Ourang-Outang-the mere imaginary pro· duct of his combinations. Wurmb, a naturalist of Batavia,. has transferred it to this animal, which he was the first to describe, and of which Buffon never had any idea. See Mem. of the Soc. of Batavia, vol. ii, p. 245. The thought, that it might be lln adult Ourang, struck me on examining the head of an ordinary Ourang, whose muzzle projected much more than those of the very young speci· mens hitherto described. I described it in a memoir read before the Acad. des Sciences in 1818. Tilesius and Rudolphi appear also to have had it. See the Mem. ofthe Acad. of Berlin~ 1824, p. 131. . . . QUADRUMANA. 59 however, is no objection-the same variation is frequently observed in the human subject. The arms of the remaining Ourangs reach only to the knee. They have no forehead, and the cranium retreats from the crest of the eye-brow. The name of CHIMPANSES might be exclusively applied to them. 8. troglodytes, L. (The Chim panse )( 1) is covered with black or brown hair. Could any reliance be placed on the accounts of travellers, this animal must be equal or superior to man in stature, but no part of it hitherto seen in Europe indicates this extraordinary size. It inhabits Guinea and Congo, lives in troops, constructs huts of leaves and sticks, arms itself with clubs and stones, and thus repulses men and elephants; pursues and abducts, as is said, negro women, &c. Naturalists have generally confounded it with the Ourang-Outang. When domesticated he soon learns to walk, sit, and eat like a man. We now separate the Gibbons from the Ourangs. HxLoBATEs, Illig. The Gibbons have the long arms of the true Ourangs, and the low forehead of the Chimpanse, along with the callous buttocks of the Guenons, differing however from the latter in having no tail or cheek-pouch. They all inhabit the most remote parts of India. 8. lar. L.; Buff. XIV, 2; Onko, Fred. Cuv. pl. 5 and 6, (The Black Gibbon) is covered with coarse black hairs, and has a whitish circle round his face. H. agUis, Fred. Cuv. pl. 3 and 4; Petit Gibbon of Buffon, XIV, 3, (The Brown Gibbon) is brown-the circle round the face is of a pale red; the lower part of the back is of the same colour. The young are of a uniform yellowish white-it is very agile, and lives in pairs-its Malay name, Wouwou, is taken from its cry. 8. leucisca, Schreber, pl. 3, B, (The Cinereous Gibbon) is covered with a soft and ash-coloured wool. The visage is (1) This is the Quojas morou or the Satyr of .fl.ngola of Tulpius, who gives a bad figure of it, (Obs. Med., p. 271) and the Pygmy, much better represented by Tyson, (A nat. of a Pygmy, pl. 1,) copied by Schreber, pl. 1, B. Scotin had given a tolerable drawing of it, copied Ama:n. Acad. VI, pl. 1, fig. 3, and Schreber, 1, C. ~n individual that lived with Buffon, and which is still preserved in the Museum, 19 l'epre$ented, though badly, in the Hist. Nat. XIV, 1, where he is called Jocko. The same specimen is much better in Lecat (Traite du Mouv. Muscl. pl. 1, fig. 1), under the name Quimpeae. Audebert gives the same, but from the stuffed speci· men only-he calls it Pongo . |