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Show 66 llAMMALIA. Cuv• ,· but whose head resembles that of the a tail-S. nigra, rest. The MANDRILLS, Of all the monkeys, have the longest muzzle (~oo); their ta~l is h . b t 1 and ferocious; nose as m the precedmg. very short; t ey are ru a B ~r XI S t.m . mat:.m on an d mo•,· mon , Lin .,• Boggo, Charas, .u n. V, XVI, XVII, et Supp. VII, g, (The Mandrill.) Greyish brown, ·m e1 m' •m g t o o 11' v e above·' cheeks blue and furrowed. The nose in the adult male becomes red, particularly at. the e~d, h w ere 1· t 1· s sea rlet , wl1ich has been the cause of . Its bemg deemed, erroneously, a distinct species.( 1) The gem tal parts, and those about the anus, are of the same c.olou~. The butto.cks f beautiful violet. It is difficult to 1magme a more hule· are 0 a . h . r ous or extraordinary animal. He nearly attams t e Size o a man, and is a terror to the negroes of Guinea. Man.y details of his history have been mixed up with that of the Chimpanse, and consequently with that of the Ourang-Outang. Sim. lcucophrea, Fred. Cuv. Ann. du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. IX, pl. 37, from a young specimen, and Hist. des Mammif. fro~ the adult. (The Drill.) Yellowish grey; face black; ta1l very short and thin; in oltl ones the fur becomes darker, and the chin of a brilliant red. THE MoNKEYS OF AMERICA Have four grinders more than the others-thirty-six in all; the tail long; no cheek-pouches; buttocks hairy; no callosities; nostrils opening on the sides of the nose, and not underneath. All the ~reat Quadrumana of America belong to this division. The large mtes· tines are less inflated, and the ccecum longer and more slender than in those of the eastern continent. The tails of some of them are prehensile-that is, their extremity can twist round a body with sufficient force to seize it as with a hand. They are more particularly designated by the name of Sapa· jous, Cebus, Erxleben.(2) . At their head may be placed the Alouattes (MvoETEs, Ilhg.), which are distinguished by a pyramidal head, the upper jaw of which descends much below the cranium, as the branches of the lower one (1) I have seen, as well as M. Geoffroy, two or three Mandrills, or S. maimon, change to the Charas or S. mormon, in the Menagerie of the Museum. The tuf' of hair, which is frequently given as a character of the mormon, is often also 111 the maimon. (2) Cebw or Cepua, or K~t?l'o,, names of an Ethiopian Monkey, which, from the description of JElian, lib, xxvii, c. 8, must have been the Patas. QUADRUMANA. 67 ascend very high fot· the purpose of lodging a bony drum, formed by a vesicular inflation of the hyoid bone, which communicates with the larynx, and gives to their voice astonishing power, and a most frightful sound. Hence their name of Howling Monkeys. The pre· hensile portion of the tail is naked beneath. There are several species, whose distinguishing characters are not yet well ascertained, for the colour of the fur on which they are established varies with the age and sex. Simia seniculus, Buff. Supp. VII, 25. (Red Howling Mon· key.) It is often sent to us ft·om the forests of Guiana where it lives in troops; size that of a large fox; colour, a red'. dish chesnut, rather deepet• at the head and tail. The .!lllouatte ourson (Stentor ursinus, Geoff.), Hum b. Obs. Zool. I. pl. so, must differ from it, although slightly; but it would appear that there are many others, some of which are brown or black, others of a pale colour. In certain species this pale tint is peculiar to the females.( 1) The CoMMON SAPAJous have the head flat, and the projection of the muzzle very moderate-facial angle 60°. In .some of them, the anterior thumbs are either totally, or nearly so, htdden under the skin, and the prehensile part of the tail naked beneath. M. Geoff. has formed them into a genus by the name of ATELEs.(2) The first species, the Chamek, .!lteles pentadactylus, Geoff., ~1) Marcgrave, llra;r.. 226, speaks of a black Guariba, with brown hands, that Sp1x thought he had found in his Seniculus nige1·. Mem. de Munic, for 1813, p. 333. Mycetea rufimanus, Kuhl. Marcgrave, 227, speaks of another species, all black and bearded, fig. p. 228, under the wrong na~e of Exquima, which must have been, it is probable, the Mycetea barbatus, Sp1x, pl. 32. The female, ib. pl. 33, is of a light yellowish ~ey. The male must be the Mycetea niger of Kuhl and Prince Maximil. de Neu. Wted. The Cara~a of d' Azzara, which is black ; breast and belly of a dark red ; the female browmsh ; may be referred to this species. Pr. ~lax. has another Mycetea ursinus, which appears to be much browner than ~e ursmus of M. Geoffroy, and to approximate nearer to the M. ~-'uscus or the M· ducolor 0f sp 1·x , pl. 30 and 34. This latter rather appears to be Jt 'h e St' . fuscw of Geoffroy. !he Straw-coloured .9./ouatte, Stentor stram-inew, Geoff. and the Myc. straminew Splx~ pL 31, of a yellowish grey, appears from its cranium to be of a differen~ specieS, but it may merely be the female of a preceding one. It is easily seen also ' th at 1'f t h e1· r characters are so uncertain, their synonymes must be much• more so. 'dAdd the St. flavicaudatus, Geoff. of a black brown, with a yellow streak on each 11 e of the tail. (2) Ann. du Museum, YIT, 260, et seq. |