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Show 392 AVES. bordered or dotted on the edge with whitish; the rump white, and the tail striped with brown and white, two characters which exist more or less in all the species of Europe; feet of a reddish brown. In winter the belly and breast become white, when it is almost ash coloured above, with red feet. It is then the Grand Chevalier apieds roges, Scol. calidris, L. Enl. 876.(1) Tringa gambetta, Gm. Gambette; Enl. 845; Frisch, 2401 Naum. g, f. 9. In summer, brown above, with black spots, and some few white ones, on the edges of the feathers; white be· neath with brown spots, particularly on the breast and neck; red feet; numerous brown and white stripes on the tail. In win· ter its spots are nearly effaced, and the mantle is of an almost uniform grey; in this state it is the fig., Enl. 827. Its size is a third less. Totanus stagnatilis, Bechst.; Chevalier a longs pieds, Bonelli. Something smaller than the preceding, but has longer and more slender legs: in summer its back is brown, with irregular black spots; its belly white, and brown spots mark the neck and breast. In winter the mantle becomes of a uniform grey, and the under part of the body white. The stripes on the tail are irregular and parallel to its edges. Tringa ochropus, L.; Le Becasseau; Enl. 843. A bronze-black above, the edges of the feathers dotted with whitish; white be· neath, spotted with grey on the forepart of the neck and on the sides; only three black bands on the lower half of the tail; feet, greenish; still 3maller than either of the two preceding ones. It is much esteemed as game, and is common along the banks of rivulets in Europe, although it is rather a solitary bird. Tringa glareola, Gm.; Becasseau des bois, chiefly dift'ers from the preceding in having from seven to eight blackish stripes along the whole length of the tail. The pale spots on its back are broader. The spots on the neck and breast almost totally disappear in winter. Tot. macularius, Wils. VII, lix, 1, 2?(2) Tringa ltypoleucoa, L.: La guignette, Enl. 850. The smallest of the European spe· cies, being about as large as a Pelidna (Tr. alpina, Gm.); a bronzed greenish-brown, with transverse, fawn coloured and black marks on the wings; beneath and in front, white; rump, and the middle quills of the tail, colour of the bac~, the . lateral ones only being striped with black and white as m the (1) Under the wrong name of Bargegriae. . il (2) This mark of doubt may be removed: it is not the Tot. macularua, W 1 ' JJ.m.Ed. GRALLATORIJE, 393 other species. The feathers of the beak as well as the s 11 . h rna wing·c~verts, w en young, have a light fawn colour·ed edging. Its hab1ts are the same as those of the preceding. ~mong the species foreign to Europe, we should particularly notice that of North America, with the large beak and semipal~ ated feet, ~colopax semipalmata, L.; Ency. Method. PI. Ormth., pl. lxxt, fig. 1; 'Viis. VII, lvi, 3, which is nearly as large as the one first named, with a shorter and thicker beak plumage brown-grey above, whitish beneath; br·ownish spots 0~ the neck and breast; toes well bordered with equal and considerable membranes.(!) The LoniPEs, Cuv.(2) We think requires to be separated from Phalaropus, because although the feet are similar, the bill is that of a Totanus· such is Tringa lzyperborea, L.; Lobipede a !tausse-col; Enl. 766 of which the Tringafusca, Edw. 46, is probably the female or' the young. This little bird, which is grey above, white beneath, and has its scapulars tinged with red, has a broad red gorget round its white throat.(3) HxMANTOPus,( 4) Briss. The bill round, slender and pointed, even more so than that of a (1) It is on this cha1•acter that M. Ch. Bonaparte founds his subgenus CATOl'· TRo~nonus. Add to the common species, Tot. specttliferus, which resembles the ltmtpalmatus, but stands highe1·, and has a longer beak, with the usual feet;T~ t. vociferus, Wils. VII, !viii, 5, or Tot. melanoleucos, Ord, Ib.;-'I'ot.jlavipes, W!ls., LVIII, 4;-Tot. solitarius (Tot. glareolus, Wils.), Wils., VII, !viii, 3. [See ~pp.XX.IVof Jlm. Ed.] The Tot. Bartramius, Wils., VII, lix, 2, has a proportionally shorter beak than the other species, although in every thing else its characters are the same. N.B. This genus, mixed up by Buffon with several varieties Qf Ruffs, has been dist~ibuted by Linnreus, without any reason, among h!s two genera Scolopax and .Trmga. This confusion is not yet dissipated, as I had no opportunity of observmg all the foreign species. It is easy to see, however, that I could not retain the genus ATITEs of llliger. . I should also observe, that the most exact descriptions will not suffice for dis· tinguishing the species with certainty, until those of my ToTANUs are separated from my Sandpipers and God wits, according to the forms of the beak, as above mentioned. It is this which has prevented me from giving all the synonymcs of Bechstein and Meyer. (2) M. Vicillot, to have the air of producing a change, retains here the name of PlUJlaropus. \ ~3 ) Add the Pltal. frenatus, Vieill. Gal. pl. 271, or Pltal. lise1·e, T. Col. 270; 'IJ]s., IX, pl. b:iii, f. 3? It is the subgenus HoLOPODius of Ch. Bonap. .(4) llimantopus, feet like a stt·ing, (alluding to their weakness) is the name given to this bird in Pliny. Vot. I.-2 z |