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Show 292 AVES. so common as the preceding, and frequents the vicinity of villages, &c. .!J.l. arborea; .B.l. nemorosa; Oujelier; Enl. 503, 2; Naum. 100, 2• (The Woodlark.) A small,, but. n?t so. strongly ma~~ed tuft· it is smaller, and is otherwise d1stmgu1shed by a wh1hsh str:ak round the head, and a white line on the little coverts; prefers the heaths in the interior of the forests.( I) We some· times see in Europe, .Ill. alpestris, .!J.l.jlava, and .Ill. sibir·ica, Gm.; .!J.louette a haum· col noir, Enl. 652, 2; Naum. 99, ~, 3; Wils. I, v, 4. From Si· beria and North America; forehead, cheeks, and throat yellow, with black streaks; a large, black, transverse spot on top of the breast; a small pointed tuft behind each ear of the male. Some of them have so stout a beak, that, with respect to it, we might approximate them to the Sparrows. Such are .!J.l. calandra; La Oalandre; Enl. 363, 2; Naum. 98, 1. The largest of the European species; brown above; white beneath; a large blackish spot on the breast of the male. From the south of Europe, and the deserts of Asia • .B.l. tartarica, and mutabilis, and Tanagra sibirica, Gm..! llouette de Tartarie; Sparm. Mus. Carls. pl. xix; Vieill. Galer. 106. The plumage of the adult black, undulated above with grey. It occasionally wanders into Europe.(2) In others, the beak is elongated, slightly compressed, and arcuated, which connects them with Upupa and Promerops. Such is .!J.l. africana, Gm.; Le Sirli; &1. 712; Vieill. Galer. 159. Common in all the sandy plains of Africa; its plumage scarcely differs from that of the Arvensis.(3) PARus, Lin. The Titmouse has a slender, short, conical and straight beak, fur· nished with little hairs at the base, and the nostrils concealed among the feathers. It is a genus of very active little birds, which ~re continually flitting and climbing from branch to branch, suspendmg (1) Add, of European species, the Giroh (.11.1. italica) ;-the Coquillade (.Bl.~ data), Enl. 662; .11.1. brachydactyla, Naum. 98, 2. Species foreign to Europe, e Bateleme, Vaill. Afr. 194 ;-the Dos roux, Id. 197;-the Calotte rousse, Id., 19& N.B. The .Ill. magna, Catesb., I, 33, is the Sturnus ludovicianus. ... (2) Add, the Tracal, Vaill. Afr. pl. cxci ;-the .11.1. gros bee, Id., pl., cxcw. · (3) Add, .11.1. bifasciata, Rupp., pl., 5; Col., 393. the N.D. Swainson separates from ALAUDA. the Bateleur of Vaill. pi.194, under & name of BiucaoNYX; his Sentinelle, 195, under that of MA.oRONTX; and of JDY vision with long beaks he makes his CERTHILAUDA.. PASSERINlE. . 293 themselves .therefrom in all sor~s of positions, rending apart the seeds on wh1ch they feed, devourmg insects wherever they see them and not sparing even small birds when they happen to find them sick: and are able to put an end to them. They lay up stores of seeds build in the holes of old trees, and lay more eggs than any of th~ Passerinre. There are six species of Parus, properly so called, in France. P. major, L.; La Oharbonniere; Enl. 3, 1; Naum. 94, 1. (The Great Titmouse.) An olive colour above; yellow beneath; the hea.d , a.s well as a longitudinal band on the breast black· a ~ ' ' wh1te tr1angle on each cheek. Very common in gardens, &c. P. ater, L.; La petite charbonniere; Frisch, I, pl. xiii, 2; N aum. 94, 2. Smaller than the preceding; an ash colour in place of the olive, and whitish instead of the yellow. Prefers the great pine forests. P. palustris, L.; La Nonnette; Enl. 3, 3; Naum. 94, 4. (The Marsh Titmouse.) Ash coloured above; whitish beneath; a black calotte. P. cceruleu1, L.; La M. a tete bleue; Enl. 3, 2; Naum. 95, 1, 2. (The Blue-Headed Titmouse.) Olive above; yeJiowish beneath; top of the head a fine blue; the cheek white, surrounded with black; forehead white. A pretty little bird, very common in the underwood. P. cristatus, L.; Le M. huppe, Enl. 502, 2. (The Crested Titmouse.) Brownish above; whitish beneath; throat and circumference of the cheek, black; a little tuft mottled with black and white. P. caudatua, L.; Le M. a longue queue, Enl. 502, 3; N a urn. 95, 4, 5, 6. (The Long-tailed Titmouse.) Black above; wingc~ verts, brown; upper part of the head and all beneath, white; tul longer than the body. It builds its nest on the limbs of small trees, and roofs it over.(l) The {1) Several species of the European Titmouse are also represented in the work ol' H. Roux, pl. cxvii-cxxiv. Add, Paros 'bicolor (Catesb. I, 57) ;-P. cyanus (Nov. Comm. Petrop., xiv, pl. xiii, fig. 1, and 23, fig. 2) and P. s83lbyensis (Spann. ~· Carls., pl. xxv) which appear to Bechstein to be the two sexes of one same spe~ et.· !i.eill. Gal. 68; Naum. 95, 6 ;-P. atricapillus (Briss. iii, pl. xxix, fig. 1) ;- . ~~rtcus, (Enl. 708, fig. 3) and P. palustris, B. (Enl. 502, 1) which are three Yalieties, or very closely allied species ; -P. atricepa, Horsf.; Col. ~87, 2. M The Parus malabaricus (Sonner. Voy. II, pl. ex, 1) and the coccineus (Sparm. ~Carls., 48, 49), P. furcatus, Col. 287, 1, are Saxicola: or Flycatchers, neigh( to the Oranor, Vaill., the Mot. roticilla, L., and the Turdua Bpecioaua, Lath. t tnay be observed, that in every instance where the characters of a. bird are not •ell defined, it has been bandied about from one genus to another. |