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Show 320 AVES. The stems of the primary wing-quills are singularly widened in some of them,(l) and among those which have none of these ornaments, we may still distinguish the fork-tailed species,(2) some of which have their very long lateral quills widened at the end.(3) Among those which have a square or slightly emarginated tail, there is one worthy of notice from its extreme smallness, the Troch. minimus, Enl. 276, 1; Edw. 105; Vieill. 64. It is of a violet-grey colour, and about the size of a Bee. Another, on the contrary, because it is the largest of the whole genus, the Troch. gigas, Vieill., Gal. 180, which is almost equal in size to the Hirundo apus.( 4) UPUPA, Lin. In this genus we will first place, FREGrLus, Cuv.(5) Where the nostrils are covered with feathers directed forwards, from which circumstance several authors have placed these birds with the Crows, which they also somewhat resemble in their man· ners; their beak is a little longer than the head. Corvus graculus, L.; Le crave d'Europe, Enl. 255; Naum. 57, 2; Vieill. Galer. 163. The size of a Crow; black; red feet and beak; wings reaching to the end of the tail or extending beyond · Nxs; the straight beaked ones, in which the quills of the wings are inflate~ CurPYLOPTEnus; and those with a. forked tail, CYNANTnus. (1) 'Jir. latipennis, Enl. 672, 2; Vieill. 21;-Tr. ensipennis, Swains. Zool. Ill. 107;-Tr. falcatus, lb. 82. (2) Tr. mellivorus, Enl. 640; Edw. 35, Vieill. 23, 24;-Tr. ametltystinm, Gm. Enl. 672, 1;-'Jir. furcatus, Enl. 509, 2; Vieill. 34;-'Jir.forficatus, Vieill. 60;-71-. smaragdo-sapltirinus,Vieill. 36, 40;-Tr. colubris, Edw. 38; Catesb. 65; Vieill. ~1,3~ 33;-'Jir. Maugeanus, Vieill. 37, 38;-'Jir. Langsdorijii, Vieill. 66, 1;-Tr. emcurul, Vieill. 66, 3;-Tr. mediastinus, Tern. Col. 317;-0rtlurr. cora, Less. and Garn.S4, 4· (3) Tr. platurus, Vieill. 52. . (4) Other species with square, or but slightly emarginated tails: Tr. mosqu: L., Enl. 227, 2;-Tr. carbuncu/U$, Yieill. 54 ;-Tr. ourissia, Enl. 227, 3;-Tr .. lisugus, L. Enl. 640, 2;-Tr. rubineus, Gm. Enl. 276, 4, Vieill. 27;-71-·. au~~ Sh. Vieill. 25;-Tr. collaris, Vieill. 61, 62;-Tr. superbus, Sh.; longirostrzs, VI~ 59, Col. 299, 1;-Tr. mellivorus, I, Enl. 640, 2;-Tr.leucogaster, Gm. Vieill. 43;Tr. imbricatus, Gm. Vie ill. 221 ;-Tr. albirostris, Vie ill. 45 ;-Tr. viridis, Vieill. 41;Tr. maculatus, Vieill. 44;-Tr. saphyrinus, Sh. Vieill. 35 and 57, 2;-Tr· 8~ mosus, Tern. Col. 203, 1 ;-Tr. albicollis, I, Col. 203, 2;-Orthor . .llmasili; Less. an Garn. Voy. de la Coq. 31, 3. ( 5) Vieillot has changed this name for CoR.A.ou.s, which, according to Linna:ul, is that of the Uollers. PASSERINJE. 321 it. It inhabits the highest ridges of the Alps and Pyrenees, nestling there among the cliffs or in the fissures of the rocks like the Chocard; it is less common, however, and does not so often unite in flocks. It feeds both on fruit and insects, and when it descends into the valleys, snow or bad weather may be expected.(!) UPUPA, properly so styled. The Hoopoes have an ornament on the head formed of a double range of long feathers, which they can erect at will. There is one in Europe, U. epops, L.; Enl. 52; Naum. 142. (The Hoopoe.) A vinous· red; wings and tail, black; two transverse, white bands on the coverts of the wings, and four on the quills. It seeks insects in humid earth, lays its eggs in holes of trees or of walls, and leaves France in winter.(2) U. capensis; Enl. 697. (The Cape Hoopoe.) More particu· larly allied to Fregilus by the anterior, short, and immovable feathers of its tuft which incline forwards and cover the nostrils. PnoMEROPs, Briss. No crest on the head, and a very long tail; the tongue, extensible and forked, enables it, as is affirmed, to live on the nectar of flowers, like the Cinnyris and the Hummingbirds.(3) (1) It is impossible to say what combination of the history of this bird with imperfect figures, perhaps of some Curlew, gave birth to the ideal species of the Crave huppe or Sonneur (Corvus eremita, L. ), a. pretended bird of Switzerland, which has never been seen by any one since Gesner. But the Corv. a.!Jinis, Lath. appears to be a true Fregilus, and we have a totally black species from New Holland. (2) Add the African species, Upupa minor, Vieill. Prom. pl. ii, and Gal. pl. 184; Vaill. Prom. 23. (3) Vieill. Galer. pl. clxxxv, has changed Promerops into Falcinellus. The only one well known is the Upupa promerops or Merops ca.ffer, f~nl. 637, which is the Su~er du protea, Vaill. Afr. 139. M. Va.ill. is of opinion that the Up. fusca, Gm., or papuensis, Lath. Enl. 638, is the female of the Epimaque a parements frises, Enl. 639.-The Up. paradisma, Seb. I, pl. xxx, 8, is the Muscicapa paradisi, with an ill drawn beak. The Up. aurantia, Seb. I, lxvi, 3, according to all appearance a Cassicus. The mexicana, Seb. I, xlv, 3, is not from Mexico as Seba makes it out, by applying to it a. passage of Nieremberg, lib. x, c. 44, in which he merely speaks of a Duck. I am in doubt whether to place here the Promerops ca:ruleus, Shaw; Prom. bleu, Vieill.; Upupa Indica, Lath. or to approximate it to the Up. erythrorhyncho8. VoL. I.-2 Q |