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Show 232 AVES. ash coloured. The name is derived from its shrill cry ; builds in old towers, &c. F. cencltris, Frisch and Naum.; F. tinnunculoides, Schintz and Temm.; N aum. 29; Frisch, 89. (The Little Kestrel.) Immaculate above; otherwise similar to the Kestrel ; wings rather longer, and talons white. This species, long confounded with the preceding, prefers the south of Europe. F. rufipes, Beseke; F. vespertinus, Gm.; Enl. 431; N aum. 28. (The Grey Kestrel.) The male is of a deep ash colour; the thighs and inferior part of the abdomen red ; the back of the female ash coloured, spotted with black ; the head, and all beneath, more or less red. Still smaller than the preceding; most common in eastern Europe, common, also, in Siberiarare in Germany and France.( 1) HIEROFALoo, Cuv.(2) The Gerfalcons have wing quills similar to those of the other noble birds, which they perfectly resemble in disposition ; but their beak has only an emargination like that of the ignoble ones;(3) their long and displayed tail extends considerably beyond their wings, although the latter are very long; the superior third of their tarsi, which are short and reticulated, is furnished with feathers. Only one species is well known. (1) Of foreign species add, 1st, allied to the Kestrel: Le Montagnard, Vaill. 35 (F. capensis, Sh. ).-F. sparverius, Enl. 465, Wils. II. xvi, 1, and IV, xxxii, 2, and two or three species, whose wings, otherwise similar to the noble birds of prey as to the relative proportion of the feathers, are shorter than the tail ; such as the F. punctatus, Cuv. Col. 45.-F. columbarius, Wils. II, xv, 3. 2d. Allied to the Hobby : F. ~rulescens, Edw. 108, Vieill. Gal. 18, and Col. 97, ha~dly larger than a swallow ;-F. aurantius, Lath., rufogularis, Ejd., tlwraciC118, llhg. Col. 348 ;-F. bidentatus, Lath., or Bidens rufiventer, Spix. VI, which is dis· tinguished by a double tooth in its beak, Col. 38, and the young, Col. 358, or Bid. albiventer, Spix. VII, but with the wings too short ;-F. diodon, Col. 198 ;-F.fe· moralis, Temm. Col. 121 and 343, and Spix. Vlll ;-F . .B.ldovandii, Reinw. Col. 128. 3d. AlliedtotheTrueFalcon: the Chiquera, Vaill.Afric. 30 (F. cltiquera,Sh.);F. biarmicus, T. Col. 324 ;-the F. huppe (F. frontalis, Daud., F. galericulatut, Sh.), Vaill. Afric. 28 ;-the F. huppart, T. (F. lophotes, Cuv.) Enl. 10 ;-the F. a culotte noire, Vaill. 29 (F. tibialis, Sh. ). , (2) Hierax, Hierofalco, Sacred Falcon, &c. names connected with the supersti· t10ns of the Egyptians respecting certain birds of prey. Gerfalcon is a corruption of Hierojalco. (3) Nauman, l, P· 278, asserts that it is the falconers who round the tooth of the b~ak in the Ge~·falcons. ln that case, and with the bare exception of their long tail, they would re-enter the catalogue of the other Falcoi\S and the Lanner should be associated with them. ' ACCIPITRES. 233 F. candicans and F. islandicua G . B Naum. 2.1, 22. (The Gerfalcon~ ~~e ;ff. Enl. 210, 456, 462; Falcon, and the most highly este) d b f:ourth larger than the obtained from the north. I'ts ernie 1 Y alconers. It is chiefly . ' usua p umag · b With an edging of paler poi'nt j' e Is rown above, . s on each 1eather d hnes on the coverts and qu'll h . ' an transverse • I s; t e tail is t · d greyish; but it so varies in th . s ripe brown and white, that the body of som ef pll'Opo~tion of the brown and eo t1em Isalt th · all that remains of the b. . oge er white, and 1 own Is a spot th . feather of the mantle· th r d ?11 e middle of each ' e 1eet an the me b f are sometimes yellow, sometimes blue 1 m rane o the beak The second section of th e great genus Fa· (lc o) is that of the IGNOBLE BIRDS OF PREY. So called, because they cannot be easil e . . much more numerous tha tl f y mployed m falcom·y; a tribe n lat o the Noble d h' · . ne. cessa.1 ·y to subdivide consi'd era b Iy. The s, an w 1ch It Is also f, h . wmgs IS almost always th I ourt quill of their produces the same effect :s o·~g::t~ an~ the first is very short, which cated at the tip whence t . eir ~Ing had been obliquely trunof flight; their ~eak 1 '.ere ens panbus, result diminished powers a so Is not so well ar d h . tooth near its point, but a mere sli . h me. ' t. ere bemg no lateral of its length. g t emargmatwn about the middle AQUILA, Briss. The Eagles, which constitute the fi. t 'b straight at base and I Is trx e, have a very strong beak on Y curved tow d h · ' we find the largest s ecies of th ar s t e pomt. Among them the birds of prey. p e genus, and the most powerful of all AQUILA, Cuv. Eagles, pl'operl II d of the toes· the ~ s~ ~~ e 'have the tarsi feathered down to the root peds; thei~ w· yIn a It mountains, and pursue Birds and Quadru- SW.i ft, and theimr gs a1. ·e as long . as th e t ai'J ' t h e.l r fl.i ght as high as it is F. ji l cout age superiOr to that of all other Birds · u vus' F.• m ez ,a nae" t oa, F.. m.g er, Gm.;(2') Enl. 40·9 ; Naum. (l) Add as a foreign · Iii, 3, of which the c· spec•esB, the Oinereous Gerfalcon, (F. atricapillus,) WiJs. VI You ngspecimen. mereous uzzard' Ed w•. 53 ' ( Ji"· cm· ereus, Gm.;) is possibly a' ta( 2) The real . s ges of moultsinpge citehse isw wh'e ll repre sen t e d , E n l . 409; · · It IS Falc. fulvua. At certain ~orms the F. fulvt;s canad:te .at ~~e base of the feathers may be seen ; it then ased upon some varrue ·~ dr:-stst,' wf. 1. As to the F. melanaetos, it is merely VoL, I.-2o E 1 1 •ca wns 0 the anci· ents, and the same only is quoted |