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Show 302 AVES. tain forests, builds upon the beech, and eats almonds and all sorts of fruits. There are two species with smaller beaks in Europe. Loxia chloris, L.; Le Tlerdier; Enl. 672, 2; Naum. 120. (The Green Grosbeak). Greenish above; yellowish beneath; external edge of the tail, yellow. Inhabits the underwood, &c., and eats .1 all sorts of seeds. Fring. petronia, L.; La Soulcie; Enl. ·225; Naum. 116, 31 4. (The Ring Finch.) Which is commonly classed ~vith the Finches, whose colours it bears; but independently of 1ts great beak, a whitish line round the. head, and a yellowish spot on the breast, afford an evident mark of distinction. ( 1) There are some species that should be distinguished from the Grosbeaks. I <'I P.ITYLus, Cuv. The beak quite as lacge, slightly compressed, arcuated above, and sometimes a salient angle on the middle of the edge of the upper jaw.(2) Naturalists have long separated from them, I I PYRRHULA, The Bullfinches, which haYe a rounded, inflated beak, arched in every direction. There is one in France. Loxia pyrrhula, L.; Enl. 145; Vieill. Gal. 56; Naum. 11\. (The Common Bu1lfinch.) Cinereous above; red beneath; .calotte black; reddish grey superseding the red in the female; b~1lds on various trees, and among the bushes along the road. It lS natu· rally a sweet songster, is easily tamed, and may be taught to speak. There is a race of them known, a third larger.(3) LoxiA, Briss.( 4) The Crossbills have a compressed beak, and the two mandibles 80 strongly curved, that their points c.ross each other, sometimes on (1) It is very evident, that the pctronia is not less a Grosbeak than the chlorU· (2) Such are Lox. g'I'Ossa, Enl. 154;-L. canadanensis, Enl. 152, 2;-L .. £1~ meltu, Lath. II, pl. xlvii, and Vieill. Gal. 59;-L. pm·toricensis, Daud. Ormt · pl. xxix, or Pyrrhula auranticollis, Vieill. Gal. 55. ng• (3) Add, Lox. lineola, Enl. 319, 1;-M minuta, lb. 2;-L· collaria, Enl. J p 3;-L. sibirica, Falk. Voy. III, pl. xxviii;-Pyr. cinereola, Tem. Col. II, 1 ;~ .' falcirostris, lb. 2;-P. orthaginea, T. Col. 400;-P. mysia, Vieill., Ois. ch. pl. E;J and the pl. lix and lx of Spix. [Add. P. frontalis, Bon. I, p. vi, f. 1, 2. .IJ.m. {4) Loxt.a from M~o, (curve) the name m. vented for th1•s bu. · d bY Co nr ad Gesner. Linn~us applied it to the Grosbeaks generally. PASSE:RlNlE. 303 one side, sometimes on the other. This singular oeak enables them to tear out the seeds from under th'e .scales of the lpine-cones. .• The European species is very common whe'rever Jthere ·are evergreen trees; it is, Loxia curvirostra, L., Enl. 218. (The Crossbill.) The plumage of the young male is of a vivid red, with brown wings; that of the &.dult, and of the female, is greenish above, yellowish beneath. Two races of them, also, are known, which differ as to size, and even, as it is said, in their rtotes, and in the form of the beak, Lox. cw·virostra, N a urn. 110, and Lox .. pytiopaittacus, Bechst., N aum. 109.( 1) • • II ) We can~?..t r~move froJU the Bullfinches and t~e Cro~sb~~~s lo I , CoRYTHus, Cu~.(2) ,. I' hH(I 1' 11 '' \ \· The point of whose completely arched beak curves over the lower mandible. The most knowh species, Loxia enucleator, L.; Enl. 135, I; or better, Edw. 123, 124; VieilL Gal 53; Naum. 112. The Pine Grosbeak inhabits the north of both continents, and lives in the same way as the Crossbill. lt is red, or reddish, the feathers of the tail and' wing~ black edged with white.(3) · • · 1 The north of the globe produces neighbouring species of equal be.auty as to colour, individuals of which sometimes find their way into Germany.( 4) J r. 1 • I lll'.~· ·ll : '1 • CoLius, Gm.(5) The Colies also approximate considerably to the preceding birds. Their beak, is short, thick, -conical, and somewhat compressed, its two mandibles being arcuated, but without extending beyond each other; the quills of their tail are cuneiform, and very long; their thumb, as in .Cypselus, is capable of being directed forwards like the other toes; their fine and silky feathers are generally cinereous. They inhabit Africa and India, climb something- in the manner of (1) Add Lox. leucoptera, Lath. Vieill. Gal. 53, and Wils. Am. Ornith. (2) Cvrythus, Greek name of an unknown bird. Vieillot has changed this name into that of STnoBILil'HAGA. ' (.3) Luxia flamingo, ( Sparm. :Mus. Carl. pl. xvii,) appears to me to · be a mere albrno variety of the enucleator. The Lox. psittacea of the Sandwich Islands, Lath. 8!n. II, pl. xlii, ot· PsiTTAOIROSTRA icterocephala, Temm. Col. 457, appears' to diblferfrom Corythus only in a little greater prolongation of the curved point of th~ e~ , · I (4) Lox. erytltrina, Pall. ot· .Pringillajlammea, L., Naum. 113, 1, 2;-Lox. roaea, Pall. Naum. 113, 3;-Fr. purpurea, Wils. I, vii, 4? (S) KoM1oc, the Greek name of a small species of Crow. |