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Show This agreement is important in showing recognition of established uses. A treaty between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Turkey, signed January 8, 1927, is based upon the principle that each party is en- titled to half the water in frontier rivers (Art. 2). Articles 5 to 8 pro- vide that each party may construct artificial works for power and irrigation but that all plans must be approved by a Mixed Commission. These works must .not interfere with the free flow of the water to which the other party is entitled and any damage caused must be compensated. H. A. Smith, The Econ- omic Uses of International Rivers (1931) 208. In the Exchange of Notes between Great Britain and ISgypt, regulating the use of waters of the River Nile for irrigation purposes, signed at Cairo on May 7, 1929, the President of the Council of Ministers at Cairo (Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha) stated: • "2. It is realized that the development of the Sudan requires a quantity of the Nile vater greater than that which has been so far utilized by the Sudan. As your Excellency is aware, the Egyptian Government has always been anxious to encourage such development, and will therefore continue that policy, and be willing to agree with His Majesty's Government upon such an increase of this quantity as does not infringe Egypt's natural and historical rights in the waters of the Nile and its requirements of agricultural extension, subject to satisfactory assurances as to the safe- guarding of Egyptian interests as detailed in later paragraphs of this note. • "3* The Egyptian Government therefore accept the findings of the 1925 Nile Commission, whose report is annexed hereto, and is considered an • integral part of the present agreement. They pro- pose, however, that, in view of the delay in the construction of the Gebel Aulia Dam, which, under paragraph kO of the Nile Commission's Report, is re- garded as a counterpart of the Gezira scheme, the dates and quantities of gradual withdrawals of water from the Nile by the Sudan in flood months as given in Article 57 of the Commission's Report be modified . . . These quantities are based on the Nile Com- mission's Report, and are therefore subject to.revision as foreseen therein. "k* It is further understood that the following arrangements will be observed in respect of irrigation on the Nile: "(ii) Save with the previous agreement of the -36- |