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Show -53- The next event of importance was the provision by Congress for admission into the Union of four more states, which was accomplished in a single year.^7 By its first constitution North Dakota assumed ownership of all flowing streams and natural water courses, dedicating such waters to mining, irrigating and manufacturing purposes,^ South Dakota entered the Union without any consti- tutional declaration of water policy, but a little later the people added to their constitution two similarly worded provisions for diametrically opposite purposes; one declaring the drainage of agricultural lands to be a public pur- pose ; the other declaring the irrigation of agricultural lands also to be a public purpose; the duty of accomplishing both these public objects being oast upon the legislature.^^ The constitution of Montana proclaimed the appro- priation and distribution of water to be a public use. *30 The people of the see Appendix to the very learned and scholarly writing of Felix Frankfurter and James H. Land is. The Compact Clause of the Constitution A Study in Interstate Adjustments, (1925) 34 Yale L. J. 685, 127 'A single enabling act for the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington appears in 25 Stat. at L. 676. It contains, and these states accepted, the usual requirement of disclaimer by all the proposed states of any interest in the public lands or lands held by Indian tribes or Indians under grant from the United States. The act is dated Feb. 22, 1889, and before the end of that year all of these states had been admitted into the Union. Consult 4 Thorpe's'Constitutions, 2289 ©t seq.5 Proclamation of Nov. 2, 1889, 26 Stat. at L. 1548 5 Thorpe's Constitutions, 2852 (North Dakota); Proclamaticn of Nov. 2, I889, 26 Stat. at L, I5I4.9, 6 Thorpe's Constitutions, 3355 (South Dakota); Proclamation of Nov. 8, I889, 26 Stat. at L. 1551, h Thorpe's Consti- tutions, 2299 (Montana); Proclamation of Nov. 11, I889, 26 Stat. at L. 1552, 7 Thorpe's Constitutions, 3973 (hashington)• ^The constitution of North Dakota, adopted Oct. 1, 1889, in Par. 210 (being a part of Art. 17-Miscellaneous) declares: "All flowing streams and natural water courses shall forever remain the property of the state for mining* irrigating and manufacturing purposes#w See supplement to the 1913 Compiled Laws of North Dakota A.inotated I913-I925, page 101; 5 Thorpe's Constitutions, 2885. ^The original constitution of South Dakota had no provisions concerning water or water rights. 6 Thorpe's Constitutions, 3357' ©t seq.; but an amend- ment adopted in I906 (Art. XXI, Par. 6) is as followsj "The drainage of agri- cultural lands is hereby declared to be a public purpose and the leg-is latui-e may provide therefore, and may provide for the organization of drainage districts for the drainage of lands for any public use, arid may vest the corpo- rate authorities thereof, and the corporate authorities of counties, townshiips and municipalities, with power to construct levees, drains and ditches, and. to keep in repair all drains, ditches and levees heretofore constructed under the laws of this state, by special assessments upon the property benefited thereby according to benefits received." . - In the year 19l6'a similar provision relating to irrigation was adopted (Art. XXI, Par. 7) reading as followsj "The irrigation of agricultural lands is hereby declared to be a public purpose and the legislature may provide for the organization of irrigation districts for the irrigation of land, and may |