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Show -83- The feature of that international agreement most significant for the purposes of this study, however, is the subordination of navigation to local requirements for irrigation, water power and canals. There is at least room to argue that the farmers of this provision in the Statute of Barcelona were wiser than the authors of the unconditional commerce clause in the Consti- tution of the United States.1' Other and less comprehensive treaties growing out of the World War have established sovereign rights and relations in the control and use of inter- national waters, including diversion for beneficial \sss, which well may be studied by the United States. In these late international conventions the growth of several principles is clearly discernible* One is that all riparian nations have a proportionate interest in utilization of the flow of inter- national waters through their dominions. Another is that navigation may be subordinated to uses of greater necessity. Still another is that establish-? ed and existing uses in one country at the time of firs"t adjustment between the nations are not to be curtailed or destroyed by diversion for new or prospective uses of the same kind in another country; but that diversion of international waters for future uses, or the extension of existing uses, shall be made only by consent of all the riparian sovereigns or upon a basis of equal right to apportionment among them, due consideration being given to the territorial dominion of each over the water courses in question.173 And Art. ;£VI readsj !:There shall be complete freedom of transit through the territories including territorial waters of each High Contracting Party on the routes most convenient for international transit, by rail, navigable waterway, and canal, other than the Panama Canal and waterways and canals w'nich constitute international boundaries of the UnitBd States, to persons and goods coming from or going through the territories of the other High Contracting Party, except such persons as may be forbidden admission into its territories or goods of which the importation may be prohibited by law. Persons and goods in transit shall not be subjected to any transit duty, or to any unnecessary delays or restrictions, and shall be given national treatment as regards charges, facilities, and all other matters•" Almost identical provisions appear in all the other numerous treaties made by the United States with the enemy nations of the World War and the new nations created by the Treaty of Versailles* See Treaty with Hungary proclaimed Oct. I;, 1926, Uh Stat. at L. 2}\l\l; Treaty with Esthonia proclaimed May 25, 1926, I4U Stat. at L. 2379; Treaty with Latvia proclaimed July 25, 1928, Statutes of the United States, Second Session, 70th Congress, I928-I929, p. 239, ¦^¦^cf.j Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth, supra, footnote ^llp., : p. 277. '-'The following further excerpt, covering treaties made both before and since the World War, is taken from Appendix A to brief of defendants in Wisconsin v. Illinois, 278 U.S. 367, L& Sup. Ct. I63, 73 L. Ed. i+26 (I929), supra, footnote #169, 50-wit: "3. Industrial and Agricultural Exploitation-This field has formed the |