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Show ..42. navigable waterway on the Pacific slope of the continent, but provided for free navigation by Great Britain from the northern. branch of that stream to the ocean with similar rights in Vancouver Channel and the Straits of Juan de Fuca south from the northern boundary of the United -States o~°l Nearly-a year before this peaceful settlement of the Oregon controversy., the Republic of Mexico 'had declared war against the United States. This re- sulted in the.Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in the year 1848, by which the United ¦* States received from Mexico all the territory of that Republic lying ."between the United States as: then constituted and the Pacific Ocean north of the present Mexican boundary line except the relatively insignificant -Gadsden Purchase ceded to the United States five years later *1°? The first of these treaties placed a part of the boundary line between the two nations in the middle channel of two rivers, the Rio Grande and the Gila, and across a third river, the Colorado Free and common navigation on the two boundary rivers by the citizens and vessels of both countries was provided for; and it was agreed that ". * . the vessels and citizens of the United States shall, in all time, have a free and uninter- rupted passage by the Gulf of California, and by the river Colorado below its confluence with the Gila to and from their possessions situated north of the boundary line"; also that these stipulations ". . « shall not. impair the ter- ritorial rights of either republic within its established limits." The Gadsden Treaty brought the Gila River entirely within the United States., and put the international boundary line in the middle of the Colorado River for a short distance, No other changes of importance were • made * •. So rapid was the development on the Pacific Coast after the Mexican cessions that California protruded itself, chronologically speaking, into the Union be- tween "Wisconsin and Minnesota, the. last, of the States in the original north- west territory to be admitted'.. The- first constitution of Wisconsin ^ accepted the usual provisions of the congressional enabling; act by providing for. freedom of navigation on all its waterways and concurrent jurisdiption on all- border waters forming a common boundary with any other States,. California, came into the Union under an enabling act °3a-containing like provisions and also under 100 Bulletin #689, Dept. of the Interior*, U. S» Geological Survey,- 213• Russia had relinquished her claim to this territory by treaty with .the United States in the year 1824. , 8 Stat. at L. 302, 2 Malloy's Treaties, 1513, 5 ". Thorpe's Constitutions, 2983. ..... .... This treaty extended the boundary line on the forty-ninth parallel to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island and , down the middle of said channel and of Fuca's Straits to the Pacific Ocean. • ¦¦'"Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 9 Stat. at L. 922,. 1 Malloy's Treaties, 1107, 1 Thorpe's Constitutions, 377; Gadsden Treaty, 10 Stat. at L. 1031, 1 Malloy's Treaties, 1121. « ¦ . . ,- ¦ 103 "^Constitution of 181+8, Art. ,IX, S 1, 7 Thorpers Constitutions,. U09O-J4JO9I, Wisconsin was admitted into the Union in the.year 181^.8. Act of May 29, I8I4.8, 9 Stat, at L. 233, .7 Thorpe Ts Constitutions, ''1+0 7i+. ' 10^aAof of Sept. 9,- 1850, 9 Stat. at L. I4.52, 1 Thorpe's Constitutions, 390; see Caldwe 11 v. Am. River Bridge-Co.-, 113 -U.S. 205,. 5 Sup.,Ct.: i^3, 28 L. Ed. ^9 (1885) * ¦ |
