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Show -27- This large dependence on coal will, in the main, continue.104 Giant Power, however, proposes radical changes in the system of carbo-electric generation by the establishment of powerful generating plants close to the centers of coal-production, as contrasted with the existing condition which finds smaller stations widely scattered at remote distances from the coal fields. Signifi- cant economic and social benefits are claimed for this change,- the saving of freight charges, the productive utilization of cheap grades of coal, the recovery of its valuable by-products through large scale consumption, con- tinuity of production with its vast implications to the great coal communi- ties. 105 This so called mine-mouth movement is to be correlated to the de- velopment of available water power sites. The high installation costs of major hydro-electric projects such as are contemplated, presuppose extensive markets for the distribution of this energy. This, in turn, according to the Giant Power program, requires that the instruments of generation, trans- mission and distribution be knitted together into a comprehensive system. Time alone can toll the extent to which these plans will be realized and the exact forms which they will take. This is not the occasion to ex- press either one' hopes or one's fears. But legal pre-vision may certainly presuppose a vast interrelated network of electric power freely playing across State linos, serving industrial centers and affecting scattered communities which themselves constitute individualized industrial and social units.106 Such an integrated system, it is urged, will make for great social gains by cheapening power, minimizing waste, and above all, checking urbanized conges- tion by a wide diffusion of modern economic activities.107 However, the terrific concentration of the electrical industry thus foreshadowed is cer- tainly no less pregnant vdth far-reaching and pervasive dangers.108 Every student of social economics recognizes the baffling problems raised by modern large-scale industry. All the familiar difficulties will be present in an intensified form should monopolized control determine the community's depen- dence upon, power. The proponents of Giant Power, therefore, couple their engineering schemes for private development with a demand for a comprehen- sive legal control over rates, services, finances, construction and inter- connections. An intricate integrated system for regulation is thus contem- plated. • l04 Cooke, op. cit. supra note 96, at p« 20. 105Coleman, Miners Turn to Giant Power (1925) 108 Am. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ann. 60. See also Dickerman, Pretreatment of Bituminous Coals, Report of Giant Power Survey Board, supra note 96, at p. 117 • lOoDevelopments are now being undertaken in the Lehigh Valley region looking forward to supplying the great industrial district centering around Newark, N. J., with power. The construction of a plant at Conowingo, Md., on the Susquehanna River is now under way. The power there generated is to be supplied to the city of Philadelphia, I50 miles distant. See Fourth An- nual Report of Water Power Commission (192U) Project No. I1O5, p. 210. 1^/Cooke, Report of Giant Power Survey Board, supra note 96* at pp. 29"* ij.Oj Bradford, influence of Cheap Power on Factory Location and on Fanning (1925) 108 Am. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ann. 91# Fisher, Decentralization and Sub- urbanization of Population, ibid. 96. 108See e. g. the early warning of President Roosevelt* "The movement |